Results of the Olympic Games 1988 medal standings. Scandals of the XXIV Summer Olympic Games

City selection

Two Asian cities competed for the right to host the XXIV Summer Olympic Games - Seoul (the capital of South Korea) and Nagoya (the fourth most populous city in Japan). At the 84th session of the IOC on September 30, 1981 in Baden-Baden (Germany), it was announced that Seoul won the vote, gaining 52 votes against 27 votes for Nagoya.

Symbolism

The official poster presented the Games in a combination of two images. The Olympic rings depicted on the poster have been given a vivid metaphorical image in order to reflect the Olympic ideal - to create world peace. The image of a running athlete with the Olympic torch in his hands symbolizes the progress of mankind, his movement forward to happiness and prosperity. In the process of making the official posters, computer graphics technology was used, light blue and bright orange colors were mixed in order to represent Korea as the Land of Morning Calm (Land of Achim Goe). In addition to the official posters, the Organizing Committee has released 27 more different variations of the poster depicting various sports.

Seoul Games Official Poster

The emblem of the Seoul Olympics depicts the traditional Korean pattern, the samtaeguk. It is widely used to decorate fans, gates for Korean-style houses, souvenirs and handicrafts.

The Olympic emblem contains elements of the pattern in two forms, centripetal and centrifugal; centripetal movement depicts people from all over the world arriving in Korea, thus symbolizing harmony around the world, while centrifugal movement depicts a person moving forward in search of happiness and prosperity.

Mascot

Talisman XXIV Olympic Games became the hero of Korean legends - the Amur tiger. To neutralize the negative aspects of the predatory animal, he was portrayed as a small tiger, kind and harmless.

The name for the mascot was chosen by popular vote from 2295 proposed options. The winning name - Hodori - can be translated from Korean as Tiger Boy ("Ho" means "tiger" and "dori" means "boy").

The main attribute of the Korean mascot is a small black hat worn over his ear. This is an element of the national costume; In the old days, peasants used to wear such hats during folk festivals.

For Hodori, a girlfriend, the Tigress Hosuni, was originally invented, but she did not receive such popularity as the official mascot, and she was quickly forgotten.

Official Games Song

The organizers of the Seoul Olympics decided to record the official song of the Olympics, which will contribute to the promotion of friendship and peace among all countries participating in the International Olympic Committee. The song "Hand in Hand" was co-written by an Italian composer Giorgio Moroder and his American counterpart Tom Whitlock... The composition was performed by a Korean group Koreana... The song gained recognition, topping the music charts in 17 countries around the world.

"Hand in Hand" by Koreana

Boycott of the Games

The 1988 Summer Olympics in South Korean Seoul were boycotted by North Korea. Pyongyang decided not to send its sports team to the Games, as the organizing committee for the preparation of the Seoul Olympics rejected the offer Kim il sung on the transfer of part of the sports competitions to the cities of the DPRK in order to demonstrate the unity of the Korean Peninsula.

The official reason for this was the fact that there was an ongoing state of war between the two countries. The North Korean position was supported by Cuba, Nicaragua and Ethiopia and also announced their non-participation in the Games. The stadiums and other sports facilities prepared for the Olympic Games were used by the DPRK at the XIII International Festival of Youth and Students, held in Pyongyang a year later.

In the USSR, a series of postage stamps was issued with the text “1988. USSR Post. Games XXIV Olympics ”and images of athletes. However, due to the lack of diplomatic relations between the USSR and the Republic of Korea, the stamps do not have the words "Seoul" or "Korea".

The opening ceremony

At the opening ceremony of the Olympics, the 76-year-old brought the torch with the Olympic flame to the stadium Song Ki-Chang, winner of the Olympic marathon in 1936. Then he was forced to perform using a Japanese name, since Korea was occupied by Japan. In 1936 he performed as a Japanese athlete Kitay's Dream.

Song Ki-Chang at the opening ceremony of the 1988 Summer Olympics

Flag of the USSR national team at the opening ceremony Summer Olympics 1988 wrestler carried Alexander Karelin... At the Seoul Games, he won his first out of three Olympic gold medals.

South Korean athletes Jung Soon-Man, Kim Won-Thak and Song Mi-Chun light the fire of the 24th Summer Olympics

Pigeons are a symbol of peace, and they were launched at almost every Olympic opening ceremony. It was very beautiful and touching, but animal advocates were worried about the fate of the birds themselves - some of them simply burned up on the Olympic fire, trying to fly away from the stadium. The IOC showed humanity, and after 1988 there were no more bird victims at the Games - the pigeons were released even before the fire was lit, and then paper ones were used.

USSR national team at the XXIV Summer Olympic Games

The USSR national team missed due to a political boycott. Therefore, at the Seoul Olympics, Soviet athletes were faced with the task of proving that they, as before, are trendsetters in world sports.

As a result, the USSR national team won the team unofficial medal standings by a wide margin, having won 18 gold medals more than its closest rival, the GDR national team. At the end of the Olympics, Soviet athletes won 55 gold, 31 silver and 46 bronze medals.

Soviet athletes confirmed the title of the strongest gymnasts on the planet Elena Shushunova(2 gold, silver and bronze) and Vladimir Artyomov(4 gold and silver). Their teammates also supported them - 10 out of 14 gold medals went to Soviet gymnasts.

One of the heroes of the 1988 Summer Olympics - Vladimir Artyomov

Domestic athletes also looked very good in Seoul - 10 top awards. The racers on the cycle track, volleyball players, wrestlers, rowers on kayaks and canoes, men's handball and basketball teams won.

After a 16-year break, Soviet basketball players again climbed to the highest step of the podium. In the final of the basketball tournament, the USSR national team beat the Yugoslavian team with an advantage of 13 points and took first place.

After a 32-year break, they went to the USSR national team, which defeated the Brazilian team in the final with a score of 2: 1. Goals scored against the opponents Igor Dobrovolsky and Yuri Savichev.

USSR national football team - champions of the Olympic Games in Seoul

Then, in 1988, hardly anyone could have imagined that this would be the last Olympic Games in the history of the USSR national team.

Scandals of the XXIV Summer Olympic Games

September 24, 1988 26-year-old native of Jamaica with a Canadian passport Ben Johnson set a world record in 100 meters running, showing a result of 9.79 seconds. Two days later, the result of the doping test became known: the prohibited drug stanozolol was found in the athlete's urine. Ben Johnson was deprived of the Olympic "gold", world record and was suspended for two years. At the end of the period of ineligibility, the runner returned to the track. On January 17, 1993, at the Toronto Athletics Tournament, Johnson's body was found to have a 16-fold excess of the hormone testosterone. The leadership of the International Athletics Federation has disqualified the Canadian for life. In both Seoul and Toronto, Ben Johnson claimed that he was "not a criminal, but a victim."

The American runner won three gold medals in the 100m, 200m and 4x100m relay. She also broke the 200m world record there, running the distance in 21.34 seconds. and improving the result of the German Marita Koch by 0.37 sec. According to many experts, such results would not have been possible without the use of doping, but each time the test of the American woman turned out to be negative. After the Olympics, the IOC announced an increase in the number of doping tests, and Delores Florence Griffith-Joyner immediately ended her sports career. Meanwhile her husband Al Joyner(winner of the "gold" of the 84 Olympics in Los Angeles in the triple jump) remained in the sport and got caught on doping. In 1996, the athlete suffered her first heart attack, and in September 1998 she died of an epileptic seizure at the age of 39. Florence Griffith-Joyner's records are still unbeaten.

Bulgarian athletes Mitko Grablev(category up to 56 kg) and Angel Genchev(category up to 67.5 kg) won gold medals in weightlifting competitions on September 19 and 21, 1988, respectively. On September 23, both were stripped of their medals and suspended for two years after their doping tests tested positive for furosemide. On September 24, the leadership of the Bulgarian weightlifting team withdrew athletes who had not yet performed from the competition, and the team of Bulgarian weightlifters left Seoul. One of the members of the Soviet delegation later told the media that the Bulgarians intended to cheat the doping control by injecting fresh urine into the bladder using a catheter. Having guessed the plan of his Bulgarian colleagues, the Soviet official occupied the only toilet in the medical laboratory. There was nowhere else to use the catheter unnoticed, and the Bulgarians had to surrender. Subsequently, one of the violators, Angel Genchev, was sentenced several times by the court to imprisonment for rape, hooliganism, theft, illegal possession of weapons, and escape from prison.

September 22 Hungarian weightlifter Kalman Chengeri took fourth place in the category up to 75 kg. On September 25 in Seoul, he was caught doping and disqualified for using testosterone. September 26th another Hungarian weightlifter, Andro Chanyi, won silver in the category up to 100 kg, but on September 28 he returned the medal, as he was convicted of using stanozolol. On September 29, the entire Hungarian weightlifting team withdrew from the competition.

October 2, 1988 19 year old American boxer Roy Jones fought in the final bout in the category up to 71 kg with a South Korean boxer Park Si Hoon... In the fight, Jones had a clear advantage and even knocked down his opponent. By the end of the fight, the strike ratio reached 86:32 in favor of the American. Despite this, the judges, by three votes to two, awarded the victory to the Korean athlete. During the announcement of the decision of the judges, the beaten winner barely kept himself upright.

Roy Jones hits Park Si Hoon

Judge declares Park Xi Hoon the winner of the bout.

The American delegation lodged a protest, but the decision of the judges was not changed. Instead of a gold medal, Roy Jones received the Val Barker Trophy and the title of Outstanding Boxer at the Seoul Games from the International Amateur Boxing Association. This unofficial prize is awarded at every Olympiad, but until 1988 it was usually received by Olympic champion... In November 1988, three judges from Uganda, Uruguay and Morocco, who gave the victory to the Korean, were disqualified for two years for biased judging. In 1996, it was proven that these arbitrators received bribes from members of the Korean delegation. Since the Barcelona Olympics in 1992, the scoring rules for boxing have changed. If earlier the judges recorded the marks on sheets of paper that were given to the referee at the end of the fight, now they press the computer button immediately after the blow that the boxer inflicted. A point is entered into the computer system if three out of five judges have pressed the button. On September 9, 1997 in Lausanne, Switzerland, Roy Jones was awarded the Silver Olympic Order in recognition of his services to Olympic movement... The decision to award medals was never revised.

Several cities claimed to host the 1996 Olympic Games: Athens, Belgrade, Manchester, Melbourne, Toronto and Atlanta. The favorites, of course, were Athens - the 100th anniversary of the first Olympics was planned and they wanted to hold it in Greece. But members of the Atlanta Bid Committee were able to convince the IOC of the excellent and highest preparedness of the city for Summer Games... As a result, on September 18, 1990, at the 96th session of the IOC, Atlanta was declared the capital of the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympics mascot

They decided to generate it on a computer. As a result, the creature came out strange: barefoot without a nose and mouth. The designers tried to give Izzy a more attractive look: a big mouth, a tail studded with Olympic rings, funny boots and white gloves. Then we added the eyes of a sparkle-star. The creature's name Izzy is short for Whatisit? ("What it is?"). He is considered one of the worst mascots of the Olympics.

Opening of the 1996 Olympics

The ceremony took place on July 19, 1996 at the Olympic Stadium in Atlanta. The broadcast was carried out by 170 TV companies, and was watched by about 3.5 billion viewers. The main themes of the performance were the history of Atlanta and the American South, as well as the 100th anniversary of the Olympic Movement.

The parade was attended by 10,700 athletes from 197 participating countries. The Russian Flag was carried at the ceremony by the wrestler Alexander Karelin, who later won his third Olympic gold medal.

Following a speech by IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch and Games Organizing Committee President Billy Payne, US President Bill Clinton declared the 1996 Olympics open. The Olympic flag was raised and the Fire was lit, the torch was brought by swimmer Janet Evans and boxer Evander Holyfield, and lit by former boxer Mohammed Ali.

The culmination was the Power of Dreams performed by the famous singer Celine Dion, followed by colorful fireworks.

Russia at the 1996 Olympics

The Russian national team at the Summer Olympics in Atlanta for the first time performed as a separate country. According to the results of the medal standings of the 1996 Olympics, the Russian team won the second place after the US team. The Russians received 63 medals: 26 gold, 21 silver and 16 bronze.

Most of the winners were among swimmers, wrestlers, fencers and athletes. Swimmer Alexander Popov was able to win 4 medals: 2 gold and 2 silver, and became a four-time Olympic champion.

Criticism of the organization of the 1996 Olympics

Sportsmen, journalists and officials were very dissatisfied with the organization of the Games. There are many traffic problems, numerous failures in the work of information systems, unpreparedness of volunteers, too strong commercialization of the Atlanta Olympics.

But the most serious incident was the explosion in the Olympic Park on July 27 at night, during which 2 people died during the mass celebrations, 111 people were injured of varying severity. After many reassurances from the organizers to strengthen security measures, the 1996 Summer Olympics decided to continue.

The offender was arrested only a year later after several more terrorist attacks and given four life sentences with the deprivation of the right to be released early.

Closing of the 1996 Summer Olympics

At the ceremony, Juan Antonio Samaranch, President of the IOC, for the first and last time did not say the phrase "These Games were the best in history."

The closing ceremony took place at the Olympic Stadium on August 4 and was attended by over 85 thousand people. Many American musicians took part in it. At the ceremony, the last Summer Olympics awards were presented to the winners in the men's marathon.

The final parade showed Olympic unity - all athletes walked together without division by country.

In his speech, Juan Antonio Samaranch called to remember the victims of the explosion in the Atlanta park and the Israeli athletes who died in Munich in 1972.

The Olympic flag was lowered, and the banner was handed the measure of Sydney, the capital of the next Games. It all ended with a magnificent fireworks display.

Doping scandal at the 1996 Games

On July 28, representatives of the IOC announced that tests of Russian athletes: swimmer Andrey Korneev, cyclist Rita Razmayte and wrestler Zafar Guliyeva tested positive for the prohibited drug bromantane.

Then they found bromantane: at the swimmer Nina Zhivanevskaya on July 30, at the runner Marina Trandenkova on August 1. All the athletes caught were disqualified and the won medals were taken away. But after the arbitration court in Lausanne, when they found out that the drug was banned during the Games, but not blacklisted, the athletes' results were restored and the medals returned.

Host country (Canada)

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Overall medal standings of the Olympic Games

The overall Olympic medal score is an unofficial count of the total number of medals won by a particular national Olympic team at the Olympic Games. The main criterion that determines the position of the teams in the table are gold medals.

Medal table

Countries that have not yet won medals at the Olympic Games

Since the 2012 Olympics, 73 of the current 205 National Olympic Committees have yet to win a single Olympic medal.

Notes (edit)

Notes

1. The United Team of Australia (AUS) and New Zealand (NZL) who played together at the 1908 and 1912 Games.
2. 1 2 Does not include medals from Australasia.
3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Does not include medals won by mixed teams with athletes from other nations (1896-1904).
4. 1 2 Does not include medals won by the West Indies Federation at the 1960 Games.
5. Participated in the years 1900-1912.
6. Participated in 1960.
7. Does not include Taiwan and Hong Kong results.
8. Includes medals won by athletes from the Republic of China in 1968–1972; since 1984, the name Taiwan is used.
9. Does not include medals won by athletes from Bohemia 1900-1912 and Czechoslovakia 1920-1992.
10. Participated in 1920-1992. Does not include medals won by athletes from Bohemia in 1900–1912 and by athletes from the Czech Republic and Slovakia from 1994 to the present.
11. Includes medals won by the UAR in 1960-1968.
12. Participated in 1896-1952 and from 1992 to the present. Does not include the results of the Joint German Team (1956-1964) and the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany (1968-1988).
13. 1 2 Participated in 1968-1988. Results do not add up to Germany.
14. The team participated in 1956-1964, it included athletes [GDR at the Olympic Games | GDR]] and the Federal Republic of Germany. Results do not add up to Germany.
15. Does not include medals won by the West Indies Federation at the 1960 Games.
16. Does not include the gold medal won by Michel Teato in 1900, as he was declared the representative of France.
17. Participated in 1900-1912, then from 1994 to the present. Does not include medals won as part of the USSR team.
18. Does not include medals won by athletes from Yugoslavia.
19. Participated in 1952-1988. Does not include the results of the Joint Team as well as the results of the post-Soviet republics (Russia, Ukraine ...).
20. The team of the Commonwealth of Independent States, which were part of the Soviet Union and played together after its collapse.
21. Includes medals won by athletes in Ceylon.
22. Includes medals won by athletes from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1920–1936), the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1948–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1996–2000), each using the name "Yugoslavia" and the IOC code "YUG". Does not include the results of states that emerged after the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1992 (Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia, and Serbia and Montenegro).
23. Individual athletes from Yugoslavia who took part in the 1992 Olympics, since Yugoslavia at that time was under UN sanctions. These results do not add up to Yugoslavia.
24. A special code used by the IOC to designate teams of athletes from different nations who took part in the first games (1896-1904).

Sources of

External links

This table may differ in different sources, since the results of countries such as Russia, Germany, Serbia, and the Czech Republic are summed up and divided in different ways.

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Medal standings at the 1988 Winter Olympics

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