Excess weight and hormones are directly related. Negative life circumstances, such as stress or depression, poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle, cause disruption to the endocrine system. Due to disruption of the functioning of which, kilograms are gained. This is why it is very important to first regulate your hormones to lose weight and restore their healthy balance.
Hormones are chemical elements that act as messengers to coordinate the vital processes of the body. The endocrine system, which produces hormones, is closely related to the nervous and immune systems. When one of them malfunctions, this inevitably leads to unfavorable changes in the other.
Hormones and obesity are closely related, as the former influence appetite, metabolic rate and fat distribution, leading to hormonal obesity. And this, in turn, can also cause an imbalance of biological substances of internal secretion.
Even with a well-balanced diet and regular exercise, some women still find it difficult. One factor that many people don't always take into account when it comes to weight loss is how hormones affect a woman's weight.
The body is like a large clockwork mechanism, and they are just one of the “cogs” involved in helping all the parts function smoothly. And sometimes even compliance healthy eating And physical activity cannot protect against the appearance of imbalance and excess weight.
General symptoms:
- Menstrual irregularities.
- Apathy and fatigue.
- Insomnia.
- Reproductive system disorders.
- Distracted attention.
- Decreased libido.
- Increased body hair growth.
- Blood pressure surges.
It is impossible to say with any certainty which hormone is responsible for weight. Because a decrease or increase in various indicators is immediately reflected in its jump. There are many factors that influence hormonal obesity:
- Pregnancy.
- Puberty period.
- Lactation.
- Diseases of the endocrine system.
- Menopause.
- Taking hormonal pharmaceutical drugs.
- Chronic exacerbations.
- Pathologies and neoplasms.
Very often, obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. Excessive fat storage leads to stress reactions in fat cells, which in turn lead to the release of inflammatory factors from the fat cells themselves and the tissue's immune cells. Excess weight increases the risk of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke and several types of cancer, and reduces the length and quality of life.
Increased estrogen production in obese older women is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
To understand how to lose weight during and after hormonal imbalance, you need to undergo a medical examination, as well as consult a doctor for further treatment. Without this, getting rid of obesity due to hormonal imbalance will be a difficult task.
How to lose weight after hormonal imbalance
Many are convinced that the key to losing weight is consuming fewer calories per day. But this formula works ideally if the endocrine system is normal. Therefore, the question becomes relevant: is it possible to lose weight during hormonal imbalance? The answer to it is quite simple: of course, it is possible, because it is easily corrected by taking special medications, proper nutrition and eliminating negative situations.
How to lose weight after hormonal imbalance:
- The first step on the path to recovery is a visit to an endocrinologist. After consultation and testing, it will be possible to determine which hormones are responsible for weight gain in each individual case. For example, a lack of estrogen (the synthesis of which is also responsible for fat cells) provokes the body to redistribute calories into body fat. When progesterone levels are low, fluid retention occurs in the tissues, which inevitably leads to weight gain. And low levels of thyroid hormones, thyroid T3 and T4, cause your metabolism to slow down, where calories are stored as sides around the waist rather than burned for energy.
- The second step is a radical change in lifestyle. It is important to consider here that you should not limit yourself to taking pharmaceutical medications. If weight gain is influenced by the hormone cortisol, which is produced during a stressful period, then first of all it is necessary to exclude this situation. Or try to change your attitude towards her for the benefit of your health. Another point is to establish proper diet nutrition. After all, consuming large amounts of simple carbohydrates affects insulin production. A lack of vitamins and minerals disrupts the functioning of the thyroid gland.
Which hormone is responsible for weight
Hormones are involved in controlling how the body uses calories for energy. The body is designed to utilize energy from fat tissue instead of carbohydrates and muscle. In fact, burning fat provides 3 times more energy.
There are a number of hormones that are responsible for weight in women. They affect the speed of metabolic processes, performance, appetite regulation and fatness: 
- insulin;
- prolactin;
- cortisol;
- adrenalin;
- ghrelin, leptin;
- melatonin, endorphin;
- estrogen, progesterone;
- thyroid group.
The influence of hormones on weight is very high. They can stimulate or inhibit body functions responsible for body weight. Therefore for effective weight loss it is necessary to balance their indicators.
A hormone that helps regulate weight is insulin.
Insulin is a protein hormone that stores fat. It is produced by the pancreas and is a hormonal signal to the body for weight gain.
The higher the insulin level, the more weight you will gain. Insulin causes obesity.
Its job is to control blood glucose levels. With excessive consumption of sugar and starch, the pancreas can no longer cope with the volume, and insulin production fails. The body begins to distribute glucose into reserve, rather than energy. Insulin can not only cause generalized obesity, but also diabetes. At high values, lipohypertrophy can be observed.
How does the hormone prolactin affect weight loss?
Prolactinoma or high prolactin levels are blood tests produced by the pituitary gland. Prolactin levels are usually high during pregnancy and after childbirth. As a rule, they return to normal after stopping breastfeeding.
Prolactin is very important for the production of breast milk, and also affects adipose tissue and metabolic processes in the body. Research shows that elevated levels in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding slow the rate at which fat is broken down, which can lead to weight gain. In addition, sometimes stress and certain medications can increase prolactin levels in the blood. It is also associated with menstrual problems and infertility.
Stress regulators cortisol and adrenaline
During times of emotional stress, the adrenal glands release more cortisol and adrenaline than usual. This helps the body cope with life's difficulties and endure them more easily. The problem is that many people are under constant, prolonged stress, which causes the adrenal glands to produce extra cortisol and adrenaline. This ultimately leads to hormonal imbalance.
Cortisol is not a good or bad hormone, it simply does what it is designed to do .
Cortisol and adrenaline cause the body to burn calories from carbohydrates and muscle mass(squirrel). This literally prevents the breakdown of fat. Their excess production interferes with the functioning of the thyroid gland.
The body's response to high cortisol levels:
- fatigue;
- weight gain;
- depression;
- liver dysfunction;
- the occurrence of allergies;
- joint pain;
- migraine;
- decreased libido;
- gastrointestinal disorder;
- decreased immunity.
Excess or underproduction of both cortisol and adrenaline can negatively impact not only your weight, but also your energy levels.
Hunger regulators ghrelin and leptin
The body has hormonal mechanisms that regulate appetite and weight that attempt to maintain homeostasis over the long term: leptin and ghrelin. Both are peripheral signals with central effects. In other words, they are secreted in other parts of the body (peripheral) but affect the brain (central).
If you consistently consume less energy (in the form of food) than is expended through basal metabolism and activity (as in dieting), the body responds with hunger. These hormones activate the hypolamus.
Leptin relieves hunger, ghrelin enhances it.
Leptin is produced by adipose tissue and secreted into the circulatory system, where it then travels to the hypothalamus. Leptin tells him that there is enough fat in the body, so appetite and the amount of food consumed decreases.
Ghrelin, on the contrary, causes a feeling of hunger. Its elevated levels in the blood lead to constant overeating and excess body weight gain. To bring the levels of these hormones back to normal, you need to:
- get enough sleep;
- avoid fasting;
- reduce or eliminate stress.
Hormones for weight loss during menopause
For the female body, menopause means the cessation of reproductive function and the restructuring of hormonal levels. During this period, the level of estrogen and estradiol rapidly decreases. Their production in the ovaries stops and actively begins in fat reserves.
In old age, this tendency leads to increased fat storage in the waist and abdomen.
One of the main functions of these hormones is participation in metabolic processes. Therefore, a decrease in their level disrupts the rhythm of absorption of nutrients from food. This is what leads to obesity in women during menopause, even in the absence of changes in diet.
Changes in the psycho-emotional sphere also affect the production of increased amounts of cortisol. The result is depression and a sedentary lifestyle. The stage of calorie accumulation and excess weight gain begins.
Postmenopausal women taking estrogen supplements are not likely to experience significant weight gain. Also, while maintaining a physically active life and proper nutrition, gaining kilograms can be easily prevented.
Metabolic regulators of thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormones (thyroids T1, T2, T3, T4) may play an important role in maintaining a healthy weight. They help regulate the rate at which food is converted into energy. When it slows down, problems with weight loss begin.
Hypothyroidism is a lack of thyroid hormones.
If the body produces too much thyroid hormone (called hyperthyroidism), the metabolic rate increases, making it difficult to gain weight.
With a lack of thyroid hormones, the body stops converting food into energy, sending it into fat reserves. To cope with this problem, you can include seafood rich in iodine and selenium in your diet. It is these microelements that are important for normal thyroid function.
Anti-stressors melatonin and endorphins
Melatonin has a natural calming effect. It is responsible for regulating circadian rhythms and improving performance. Healthy performance helps you cope with stressful situations. It also ensures productivity and activity of all body systems during the day.
Melatonin is produced only at night.
To regulate the levels of this hormone, you need to normalize your wakefulness and sleep patterns - go to bed at the same time and fall asleep in a dark room (without additional lighting in the form of nightlights).
Endorphins are peptides naturally produced in the brain. They are also called joy hormones, as they can influence psycho-emotional behavior. They reduce pain, similar to the effects of opium compounds. An increase in the synthesis of endorphins by cells leads a person to euphoria and a feeling of pleasure. This helps to avoid depressive and apathetic states that lead to weight gain.
The production of endorphins is influenced by prolonged physical activity and strong experiences (love, fame, creativity).
Muscle builders growth hormones
The pituitary gland in the brain produces growth hormone (somatropin), which affects human growth and helps build bones and muscles. It also affects metabolism. Researchers have found that its levels are lower in obese people than in people of normal weight. With age, the level of somatropin decreases, and by the age of 50 its production stops altogether.
To activate growth hormone for weight loss, you need to follow a sleep schedule. The peak of its production by the body occurs in the first hours of falling asleep. Taking amino acids, arginine and ornithine, also stabilizes the indicators. And in combination with vitamins C, group B, potassium, magnesium and calcium, their effectiveness only increases.
Female hormones
The female sex hormone, estrogen, plays an important role in maintaining weight balance. When its level is high, the legs are also noted. With age and with the onset of menopause, its levels decrease and fat begins to be deposited mainly on the arms, waist and abdomen. After age 40, the body produces estrogen from fat cells. Therefore, their supply becomes vital and losing weight is much more difficult than in younger years.
To normalize estrogen levels, you need to consume enough fiber-rich vegetables. They help remove not only toxins, but also excess hormones. To avoid severe gas formation, vegetables should be introduced gradually, bringing the norm to 45 grams of fiber per day.
How to lose weight by taking hormones
The use of hormonal drugs for weight loss is prescribed to correct the excess of female sex hormones and the lack of thyroid hormones of the thyroid gland. It is important to understand how to properly lose weight while taking hormones. After all, these pills are not a means to lose extra pounds. Their goal is to restore balance in the body. Weight loss will be a consequence of these changes.
Taking hormonal medications should always be discussed with your doctor.
There is also a third group that can significantly help in weight loss. These are tablets containing somatropin - growth hormone. But taking them can have unfavorable changes in the appearance and health of older women. They are unsafe, since the body produces growth hormone only until full maturity, mainly during adolescence.
If you are not strong in anatomy, then the phrase “abdominal fat” may seem unfamiliar to you. But what 9 out of 10 people over 25 are familiar with is belly fat. Some people have very little of it, while others can “boast” of a decent tummy.
This fat differs from subcutaneous fat in that it is located in the abdominal cavity and covers the internal organs.
If you can grab the subcutaneous fat with your fingers, and we see it in the form of folds hanging over the waistband of trousers or a belt, then abdominal fat looks like a bulging belly.
Be that as it may, not everyone strives for model parameters, but everyone wants to lose belly fat. In this article we will tell you how to remove belly fat from your belly with proper nutrition and simple physical exercise.
Why is abdominal fat dangerous?
First, let's understand the difference between visceral (or abdominal) fat and subcutaneous fat. This fat consists of brown cells, is located under the abdominal muscles, and is more difficult to burn than subcutaneous fat. In addition, abdominal fat poses a greater health risk than body fat.
Such a “burden” is fraught with a malfunction of the hormonal system, a slowdown in digestion and metabolism, kidney and liver diseases, and possible heart attack or thrombosis.
And this is not to mention the aesthetic side of the issue. But for abdominal fat to be burned more difficult than subcutaneous fat, this process is not at all impossible.
“It’s not a stomach, it’s a bundle of nerves!”
The quote from the movie, although humorous, is 100% true. Where does belly fat come from? It's not just a matter of poor nutrition or a sedentary lifestyle, but also a constant state of stress.
At the end of the last century, doctors proved that the harmful hormone cortisol (“stress hormone”) does not allow fat to be broken down even as a result of physical activity, and in addition, “thanks to” it, muscle tissue may not grow.
Attention!
As a result, you can regularly do exercises or go to the gym, not eat after six in the evening, and generally eat right, but you will still have a belly. Cortisol may not interfere with the burning of fat under the skin, but it will be very difficult to remove abdominal and visceral fat (these are the same thing, as we found out above).
So, the first reason why such fat appears is a feeling of anxiety, depression, stress, lack of sleep. Start by eradicating these reasons and, perhaps, you won’t have to change anything else in your life, since your figure will come into shape on its own.
Check your hormonal levels
What makes us men and women is not only our primary and secondary sexual characteristics, but also our correct hormonal levels.
“I’m losing weight, but instead I’m just gaining weight”, “I just can’t get rid of acne”, “I’m in such a terrible mood all the time, I just want to cry.”
If such or similar statements are typical for you, then you need to check your hormone levels at the medical center by taking tests. This procedure is inexpensive, but can subsequently save a lot of time, effort and money.
Hormonal balance is a delicate instrument that can go wrong due to illness, stress, sudden climate change, or during puberty. One of the signs that not everything is in order with proper hormone levels is accumulating abdominal fat.
This is more pronounced in women than in men. In representatives of the stronger sex, fat begins to accumulate on the hips and sides.
So, if this problem occurs, then until you put your hormonal system in order, you will not be able to lose weight and feel good.
It should be noted that there is a connection between abdominal fat and hormonal levels. Thus, an excess of this fat can cause imbalance in hormone levels, and a failure in the hormonal system can lead to the appearance and accumulation of visceral fat. If you have both, fight on all fronts.
“Man does not live by bread alone”
Not bread at all, but the opposite. So, you are a cheerful person, sleep well, are happy at work and feel comfortable at home.
It is when everything is good that many of us tend to gain excess weight through overeating. Statistics from CIS countries show that after marriage, 70% of girls and 45% of men gain significant weight in the first two years.
How can you refuse a couple of bottles of beer and chips? Even those who are naturally slender and beautiful become heavier, and in place of a flat tummy an unattractive belly grows.
Replacing harmful calories with healthy ones
In fact, diet is the most unfortunate and ineffective way to lose belly fat in men and women. Fat cannot be removed point by point, that is, “I’ll sit on kefir for a couple of days and wake up with flat stomach" is an idea that is not destined to come true. Most likely, you will lose a few centimeters in the circumference of your hips or abdomen, but this will not be fat, but muscle mass.
No diet works as intended for the sole reason that when you are undernourished, your body only stores more fat mass. Forget about dieting as a way to lose belly fat, and choose a different approach - replacing harmful calories with healthy and necessary ones.
Meat and fish - to fight fat
The same proteins, carbohydrates and fats are considered the right calories, but a lot depends on their quantity and quality. The basis of the diet of those who are losing weight should be protein. This is lean poultry, beef, fish, eggs, cottage cheese. Fats are best taken from vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.
In addition, poultry meat, fish, and egg yolks contain enough fats necessary for the functioning of the body.
Don't forget about carbohydrates. Vegetables, breakfast cereals, baked potatoes, durum wheat pasta are healthy foods that are not only filling and tasty in themselves, but also form a good metabolism and allow you to lose weight.
Of course, it makes sense to give up the harmful combination of fats and carbohydrates. We are talking about any confectionery sweets, flour products, chips, sweet fruits.
Even if you switch to the correct and healthy diet, abdominal fat will not dissolve on its own. If until the age of 25 you can do practically nothing to keep in shape, then after that your muscles will begin to decrepit, which will lead to sagging skin and worsening appearance even at normal weight. Sports are necessary if you want to look good not only in clothes, but also on the beach.
How to remove belly fat from belly? Most people, even those involved in sports, believe that they need to focus their efforts on abdominal exercises. However, even doing 200 repetitions a day, there is no guarantee that you will achieve the desired result.
The abdominal muscles will become visible from the load if you have low levels of subcutaneous and abdominal fat. Otherwise, the muscles will grow, and due to the undiminished volume of fat, the stomach will appear even larger.
Abdominal exercises are good, but as an auxiliary, and not the main means in the fight against visceral fat.
Basic exercises as the basis for the fight against visceral fat
How to get rid of abdominal fat through sports? There are three main weightlifting exercises to help you: the squat, the chest press, and the barbell row. It doesn't matter what gender, age or height you are.
There is no need to immediately grab a huge weight and try to break world records. If you have never done a base or worked with weights, then first master the technique of properly squatting and pulling weights from the floor.
Then you can move on to exercises with a body bar or an empty bar.
These exercises are classic for gaining muscle mass, losing weight and getting rid of fat in all places. You can do them at home, but it’s better to join a fitness room, where you can work under the supervision of a trainer and experiment with different weights. Exercise no more than 3 times a week for 50-60 minutes.
The second part of physical activity is aerobic exercise. Fast walk, running, cycling - you can choose what you like. In addition, it is not necessary to call aerobic activity “exercise.”
Walk more often where possible, skip the elevator, get a dog to walk.
You will not only improve your overall physical fitness, but you will also make abdominal fat literally burn all the time, and not just in the gym.
Maintain drinking regime
You may have heard about the notorious two liters of water that everyone needs to drink a day. In fact, although it is necessary to drink water, how much it should be is individual for everyone.
Drink a glass of water every two hours - this will help remove toxins, speed up your metabolism, and also get rid of the constant feeling of hunger.
Keep in mind that tea, coffee, and juices do not count as “water,” so do not count these drinks toward your total drink.
To summarize
By using all of the listed methods for getting rid of abdominal fat, you can achieve visible results. Don't focus too much on weight loss.
Fat weighs little but takes up a lot of volume. You can lose only a kilogram and a half, but at the same time reduce your waist by 5 centimeters. Therefore, to record results, it is recommended not only to weigh yourself once a week, but also to measure volumes.
Source: http://fb.ru/article/309804/kak-ubrat-abdominalnyiy-jir
I want to lose fat!
How to remove fat in the most “difficult” places: on the stomach, waist and hips? About 40 years ago, one doctoral dissertation was defended. And buried in the archives of the Russian Academy physical culture.
Spring is coming. Fluffy fur coats and voluminous down jackets will go into storage in the closet. Will be drawn to tight and sexy. And suddenly: bummer. Last year's jeans don't meet at the waist, your favorite dress doesn't hug the hanging folds in a sexy way. What to do?
Remove fat!
Many fitness industry experts claim that local fat burning in “problem” areas is impossible. Sports doctors join them.
And they are right!
With the usual standard approach to physical activity, yes. And massage won't help, unfortunately. They can knead you, and stroke you, and twist you, but only for pleasure.
Tablets and capsules, even such effective ones as synephrine, yohimbine and the prohibited ephedrine, will not help remove excess in specific places.
Don't spend any money on pharmacies at all. Although, of course, if you want to run to the toilet more often, then you can.
So - impossible? And science denies it?
Science is different.
One doctoral dissertation was defended on this topic 40 years ago. And she was buried in the archives of the Russian Academy of Physical Culture. He refers to her in his interview about local fat burning famous sports physiologist, professor V.N. Seluyanov.
The experiment lasted six months. One group of women ran sprints, the second skied, the third swam, the fourth did gymnastics, the fifth (control) - so, a little bit of everything.
After six months of training, the women were comprehensively measured.
Result: runners lost fat mainly in the calves and thighs, swimmers - in the arms and chest (they swam like amateurs and practically did not use their legs). Gymnasts and skiers received uniform fat loss throughout the body.
It turns out – it’s possible! And that's why.
Because burning fat and eliminating cellulite are hormonal processes.
The magic of hormones
The main fat-burning hormones in the human body: adrenaline and norepinephrine (adrenal hormones) and somatotropin, or growth hormone (pituitary hormone).
Physical exercise stimulates the nervous system. It gives a signal for the production of hormones.
Hormones enter the bloodstream and are first absorbed by those tissues that are currently active.
For example, you train your legs. Hormones will first go to the leg muscles and the fatty tissue around these muscles.
Attention!
Just not any exercise stress gives this effect. Aerobics, shaping, jogging will not awaken the necessary hubbub. There's a different mechanism.
You can burn fat in a specific area of the body only with exercises that cause short-term(4 - 8 seconds) painful Feel, stress in a specific muscle group.
Performing such exercises for 20–30 minutes with short breaks (for example, interval training or statodynamic complex) includes the production of growth hormone.
Growth hormone penetrates fat cells and expels fat into the blood, then into the liver for use as energy fuel.
Conditions for the functioning of the hormonal mechanism: nutrition + reasonable physical activity (in no case daily killer workouts!) + sleep +. Without this connection, training will be ineffective: the endocrine system is not rubber.
We gave an example of one such set of exercises earlier. Read here, study, get started. Spring is coming!
Source: http://blog.reflexio.biz/bodyhealth/xochu-ubrat-zhir.html
How to remove hormonal fat
Slim hips as a way of life
Reduce the impact of hormonal disorders
Buy high quality protein products because cheap ones can be filled with estrogen. Choose meat and poultry, dairy products that do not contain hormones - do not skimp on your health. The same applies to the use of cosmetics - buy those creams, deodorants and other products that do not contain parabens and phthalates.
This is a kind of physiological response of fat over and over again, as it knows how to insure the body with 1 kg of fat every week.
Proteins provide amino acids to muscles, allowing you to exercise more effectively with greater intensity and quickly reduce fat. Cardio exercise burns excess fat, reduces fat over and over again and neutralizes the effects on metabolism.
There are creams that help break down fat deposits and strengthen the skin. If you follow dietary rules and perform physical exercises, they become an additional means of helping to reduce riding breeches.
At the same time, cortisol has many disadvantages, and its excess in the body is harmful. This insidious hormone is also called the “hormone of old age.” It accelerates the wear and tear of the heart, increases reserves subcutaneous fat, destroys protein in muscles.
Estrogen is a sex hormone that gives women smooth skin and curvy hips. An imbalance can be detrimental to your health and figure. This indicator must be taken into account when looking for a way to eliminate breeches.
In parallel with the above methods, you can do massage. It allows you to remove toxins, improves microcirculation and avoids water retention and reduces cellulite. A circular massage with light pressure and kneading will, after a while, rid you of the breeches.
From the age of five, girls have a direct effect on metabolism with low protein, excess, to add variety to your.
Reduce your calorie intake Burn more However, there are several ways that many women can lose fat in the thighs and buttocks, firming up their body. excess weight. All this will help reduce your consumption of fruits, vegetables and pasta.
In fact, cortisol is hours, depending on weight. It accelerates the wear and tear of the heart, increases the volume of fat reached.
Eat more organic fruits and vegetables
Vitamin C in the fight against cortisol
Do you have fibroids, endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome?
Eat healthy carbohydrate foods such as fruits, vegetables and whole grain pasta. Consume protein, such as tuna, as well as “good” fats, such as those found in nuts.
All of this will help reduce your calorie intake and reduce thigh fat. Do not forget about water, which you need to drink in a volume of 1.5-2 liters per day.
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Every woman's body is unique. Uniqueness is also evident in the process of getting rid of fat. What works for some women may not work for others. The only thing that unites us is hormones, which can affect absolutely everything, from the body’s ability to maintain muscle mass while getting rid of excess fat to how we tolerate stress and hunger. This article explains how different hormones can influence factors related to female body composition, taking into account features that appear at different ages.
#1: Estrogen and Progesterone
What are they doing
Estrogen and progesterone are the most important hormones that control the female cycle. Estrogen regulates mood by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, which affects other metabolic hormones such as cortisol and insulin. Progesterone is essential for a sense of balance. It is also a natural diuretic. It affects thyroid hormone levels, but its own levels are greatly influenced by stress. This is because it is used by the body as a starting material for the production of cortisol, the stress hormone.
What disrupts the balance of these hormones?
The most common problem in women is estrogen levels that are too high relative to progesterone levels. This phenomenon is called “estrogen dominance.” Estrogen dominance leads not only to sudden mood swings and menstrual irregularities, but also to fat gain, as it affects a number of hormones involved in metabolism. There is evidence that estrogen dominance, which is most often accompanied by elevated cortisol levels, increases appetite and causes unwanted changes in levels of the hunger hormones leptin and ghrelin. All this plus a decrease in physical activity leads to excess calories, and, consequently, to fat gain.
What happens during menopause
As menopause approaches, a woman's ovaries stop releasing estrogen, so overall estrogen levels in the body decrease. Testosterone levels remain the same, so the estrogen to testosterone ratio changes. It is this, as well as the loss of muscle mass during this period, that leads to a decrease in insulin sensitivity, which, in turn, leads to fat storage in the abdominal area (that is, the bulk of the fat is deposited in the abdominal area).
#2: Insulin
What is he doing
Insulin performs a storage function, primarily storing glucose as an energy source, i.e. glycogen. Having filled glycogen stores, insulin stores the remaining energy in the form of fat. How to influence insulin levels? Anyone can experience decreased insulin sensitivity due to poor diet or lack of physical activity. If this happens, insulin levels begin to rise, and the body begins to require more and more of it to store glucose. Elevated insulin levels promote fat gain, cause problems with appetite, and disrupt hunger hormones.
Adipose tissue.
Regulation of the processes of mobilization and reserve of neutral fat, the role of adrenaline and glucagon in these processes, the physiological significance of the processes. Obesity disorder.
Regulation of fat mobilization. The mobilization of stored fats is stimulated by glucagon and adrenaline and, to a lesser extent, by some other hormones (somatotropic, cortisol). In the postabsorptive period and during fasting, glucagon, acting on adipocytes through the adenylate cyclase system, activates protein kinase A, which phosphorylates and thus activates hormone-sensitive lipase, which initiates lipolysis and the release of fatty acids and glycerol into the blood. During physical activity, the secretion of adrenaline increases, which acts through β-adrenergic receptors of adipocytes, activating the adenylate cyclase system
It all looks nice like this: 
The role of adrenaline and glucagon is obvious - they begin the mobilization process, i.e. breakdown into glycerol and fatty acids. In combination with other processes that regulate adrenaline, the result is a general activation of the body’s resources when energy is required.
Obesity is considered a condition when body weight exceeds 20% of the “ideal” weight for a given individual.
Obesity disorders.
Insulin resistance.
Obesity is associated with a decrease in the ability of insulin to stimulate peripheral glucose elimination and suppress hepatic glucose release. To compensate, the body then increases glucose secretion. This insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may be caused by the supply of free fatty acids to the liver from abdominal fat tissue. Maybe that's why abdominal obesity associated with a large number of metabolic complications.
Lipid metabolism disorders.
Changes in the level of sex hormones.
Examination of obese men indicates a decrease in testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Biological role.
The entire process of fatty acid oxidation begins with their activation.
The energy output is AMAZING: 
Biosynthesis of fatty acids, chemistry, enzymes.
Biosynthesis of long chain fatty acids and
Unlimited.
The most unpleasant part of this seminar... There are a lot of things.
In principle, like the synthesis of palmitic acid, only a little carbon was added.
It has now been shown that in microsomes of mammalian cells
the formation of double bonds can only occur on a section of the chain
fatty acid from the 9th to the 1st carbon atoms, because in microsomes
there are no desaturases that could catalyze the formation
bonds can be formed in the Δ4-, Δ5-, Δ6- and Δ9-position, but no further
Δ9-position, while in plants - in the Δ6-, Δ9-, Δ12 and Δ15-position.
Therefore, in the body of mammals, including humans, they cannot
formed, for example, from stearic acid (18:0) linoleic acid (18:2;
9,12) and linolenic (18:3; 9,12,15) acids. These acids include
Arachidonic acid is usually also included there (20:4; 5,8,11,14).
24. Programmed control–2 : know the formula: hydrolysis
neutral fat, phospholipids, steroids, bile acid formula
(paired and unpaired), chemistry of β-oxidation of fatty acids (chemistry,
enzymes, energy), transport of fatty acids across the membrane
mitochondria via carnitine, fatty acid biosynthesis
(marginal and unsaturated), biosynthesis of neutral fat in the liver and
adipose tissue.
Hydrolysis of neutral fat.
Digestion of phospholipids
Digestion of steroids.
Bile acid formulas.
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
Transport of fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane.
Fat synthesis in the liver and adipose tissue.
Neutral fat exchange. Reservation and mobilization of fats in
Adipose tissue.
The day was hard, labor-intensive, full of shocks. You return to your dorm room and have dinner. You have a good dinner - hearty, under the cardiac sphincter of the stomach and bed. The sympathetic system rests, the vagus begins to reign... DIGEST EVERYTHING. The level of glucose and lipoproteins in the blood increases, but there is no need for such quantities. What would you do in place of the body? Yes, put it in the bank at interest. Glycogen is already under the “neck”, which means fat layers.
Fat storage occurs according to the following scheme:
Triacylglycerol is formed in the form of fat drops and, hello, a roll on the belly. But hungry times are coming, reserves can be uncovered. The reverse processes begin to operate:
If the body cannot produce enough insulin, diabetes develops. If your thyroid gland is not working well, you gain weight and feel cold all the time. When too much cortisol is produced, you feel stressed and anxious. Hormones are complex small substances, each of which plays its own role in our body.
● Hormones and weight
So, five hormones that influence fat storage or burning: (1) adiponectin, which lowers blood sugar and burns fat; (2) ghrelin, which stimulates hunger and fat storage; (3) insulin, which lowers blood sugar and stores fat; (4) leptin, which stimulates satiety and fat burning; and (5) cortisol, which increases blood sugar levels and cravings for constant snacking. Of all of them, insulin is probably the most well-known hormone that is responsible for fat storage and weight gain. Leptin is a lesser-known hormone, but a powerful fat burner and is an “opponent” of insulin.
● Fat Burning Products
In simple terms, hormones “command” the body what to do, and food influences what directives the hormones send. The best way to maintain proper hormone balance is to eat healthy and include the following 10 foods in your diet.
1. Natural (natural) sugar. No, it's not refined sugar, don't get your hopes up. This is the sugar that is present in berries and fruits. Eat an apple or a piece of watermelon, but remember the principle of moderation.
2. Flaxseed. It “supplies” fiber to the body, and you quickly feel full, even after eating very little. In addition, flaxseed contains omega-3 fatty acids and lignan, a compound that simulates metabolism.
3. Cinnamon. Women, take note: cinnamon may help you lose weight. An organic compound called cinnamaldehyde helps balance hormones by decreasing testosterone production while increasing progesterone levels. The only drawback: a few pinches in food is not enough; you will have to purchase a special supplement.
4. Cruciferous vegetables. These include broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, bok choy and mustard greens. Cruciferous vegetables are low in calories but high in fiber. They also contain a lot of water, which helps you feel full.
5. Healthy fats. They are found in avocados, egg yolks, fatty fish, nuts and seeds. Of course, an Omega-3 supplement will do, but natural foods with healthy fats still taste much better.
6. Apple cider vinegar. This is perhaps the most quick way to correct the hormonal imbalance between estrogen, progesterone and testosterone - which is essential for fat loss. For optimal results, use raw, organic, and unfiltered vinegar.
7. Healthy snacks. Unfortunately, we live in a world where there is a lot of stress, which means the body produces cortisol, which contributes to the accumulation of fat. The best way Counteract the effects of stressful situations with snacks made from protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.
8. Red wine. Drinking very moderate amounts of red wine is not only acceptable, but also beneficial. It contains a polyphenol (resveratrol), which is a very powerful anti-inflammatory substance that also helps with hormonal balance. The wine must be of very high quality and absolutely natural!
9. Nuts or cottage cheese. Before you go to bed, have a protein snack, such as nuts or cottage cheese. Both contain the right amount of amino acids and magnesium to help you sleep well. Remember that quality sleep at night is critical for hormonal balance, especially in the case of cortisol, estrogen and progesterone.
10. Vitamin D Deficiency of this vitamin is not uncommon nowadays, although its sufficient amount in the body contributes to the proper production of hormones. Include fatty fish, dairy products, orange juice, soy milk, cheese and egg yolks in your diet.
