Cycling and tourist safety obs. Lesson summary Topic: Cycling and tourist safety

Cycling tourism in Russia emerged at the end of the 1890s. In 1885, a society of tourist cyclists was organized in St. Petersburg. Already at this time, cycling enthusiasts organized long trips: from Moscow to St. Petersburg, from St. Petersburg to Paris.

A bicycle is a vehicle that has two wheels and is propelled by the muscular force of a person. Driving a bicycle while driving on the roads is allowed by persons who are at least 14 years old. In some regions of the country, this age can be reduced to 12 years.

Basic requirements for the technical condition of the bicycle: the bicycle must have serviceable brakes and a sound signal when driving in the dark; the bicycle must be equipped with a white flashlight in front, and a red reflector at the back. when preparing for a cycling trip, it is necessary to thoroughly inspect the bike, identify and eliminate malfunctions

Test questions: 1) What is attractive about a cycling trip and what features should be taken into account when preparing for it? 2) What are the age restrictions for young cyclists? 3) What should you look for when preparing your bike for a hike? 4) What safety precautions must be observed on the route while cycling?

life safety fundamentals

6th grade

Lesson 11.

Theme:

Target: 1. To form in students a holistic idea of ​​cycling tourism, the requirements for participants in a cycling trip.

2. To acquaint with the main activities carried out in preparation for the campaign, ensuring the safety of its participants, organizing the movement of tourists on the route.

3. Foster a culture of safe cycling.

Equipment : presentation, multimedia projector, screen, memos, tests, notebooks.

Lesson type : combined

During the classes.

I. Organizational moment

- Sit down.

Today at the lesson we have guests - teachers of life safety from other schools in our area, but I ask you guys not to worry.

II. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Guess the riddle:

I don't look like a piano

But I have a pedal too.

Who is not a coward or a coward,

I'll pump that one dashingly.

I have no motor.

And I am called ... ( bike).

What hike are we going to talk about today?

Right. Topic of today's lessonCycling and tourist safety (slide 1). What do you think we will meet today?

Slide. Output. In the lesson, we should get acquainted with

1. The main features of cycling tourism and the requirements for its participants.

2. Preparing for a bike trip.

3. Features of personal safety of participants in a bicycle trip .

III. Homework check.

Let's remember with you the material of the previous lessons.

Tell me, what is a hike? ( Hike - an organized movement of a group of people with a specific purpose)

What kind of hikes are there by the way of travel? (hiking, cycling, horse riding, water, skiing).
- What are the duration of the hikes? (one-day, multi-day, weekend hikes).

What are the main features of water tourism?

What are the main hazards in water tourism?

Tell us how to prepare for a water trip?

2. Answer the test questions.

1. What is the mode of crossing when hiking on flat terrain?

A). 30 minutes of movement 30 minutes of rest.

B). 40 minutes movement 10-20 min. recreation.

V). 1 hour movement 20-30 minutes rest.

2. When hiking in mountainous areas, what should be the mode of movement and rest?

A). 45 minutes movement 15 minutes rest.

B). 40 minutes movement 30 min rest.

V). 1 hour movement 20 min. recreation.

3.. How long does it take to make a one-minute stop during a long climb in the mountains?

A). Every 5-7 minutes.

B). After 10-15 minutes.

V). In 15-20 minutes.

4. From which side do you need to pull a drowning person out of the water into the boat?

A). From the port side.

B). From the starboard side.

V). From the stern.

5. What is the optimal distance between skiers on a ski trip in good weather?

A). 8-10 m.

B). 4-5 m.

V). 6-7 m.

6.. Where should you start when preparing for a ski trip?

A). Ski lubricants.

B). Selections of ski poles.

V). Strengthening physical health and hardening.

7. In what places in the mountains is it forbidden to bivouack?

A). In the glades with tall grass.

B). At the mouths of dried up rivers.

V). Near tall trees.

8. In what part of the boat during the water trip should there be lifebuoys?

A). In the bow.

B). In the stern.

V). Overboard, tied to the boat with a rope.

Mutual verification of test results.

1) b, 2) a, 3) b, 4) c, 5) a, 6) c, 7) b, 8) a.

Swap notebooks and check the test (slide). Rate each other.

I V ... Working on a new topic.

A student's story of a poem about a bicycle.

Bicycles are the wind
Low-level flight from the hills.
There is no faster means in the world
Go forward without fuel.

Freedom to choose the road
The vastness of arable land and meadows.
Easy pedals twist your feet
And the night - by the rivers or ponds.

What is a bicycle? Slide.(Bike - vehicle with two or more wheels and drivenin motion by the muscular strength of a person).

Why did the bike get this name? In Latin, velox means fast and pedis means feet. So it turned out "bicycle", that is, "swift".

Message. The history of the development of cycling tourism(slide).

Now we will get acquainted with the history of the development of cycling tourism.

The history of cycling tourism is lost in the mists of time. Among the first cyclists are travelers who, for lack of anything better, perched on horses, donkeys, donkeys and camels. Centuries passed before humanism and the struggle for animal rights, with the assistance and development of science and technology, allowed people to transfer to a normal two-wheeled device with a pedal-and-foot drive. More than 100 years passed before this hobby became truly massive and began to take civilized forms.

The first tourist club in Russia appeared in St. Petersburg at the end of the 19th century; its core was cycling enthusiasts. It is customary to calculate the new history of cycling tourism since 1958, when the Leningrad Tourist Club (LKT) was formed, which, in sections, united all types of tourism that existed at that time, including cycling. The peak of tourist activity was in the second half of the 70s and 80s, when groups of Leningrad cyclists made expeditions of high difficulty across the Caucasus, Pamir, Tien Shan, Altai.

3. The teacher continues. Slide.

There are certain age restrictions for young cyclists. Driving a bicycle on the road is allowed by the traffic rules to persons who are at least 14 years old. And participate in cycling hiking trips also from the age of 14. However, this age can be reduced by a decision of the relevant authorities of the republics within the Russian Federation, territories, regions, but not more than by 2 years.

But young tourists who have reached the age of 12 can participate with their parents on weekend bike trips.

Slide. In recent years, cycling tourism has become an increasingly popular form of recreation. Its rise in popularity is due to the trend towards a healthy lifestyle in general, as cycling is one of the most environmentally friendly and healthy types of tourism. It attracts not only with the feeling of speed and freedom, but also with interesting excursions, improves its physical shape. as well as the possibility of a good outdoor recreation. A cyclist can travel a considerable distance. Cycling trips can be one-day or multi-day, single or group. They can pass over rough terrain and on level roads. In cycling, unlike other types of cycling, there is no competitive aspect - tourists do not need to come to the finish line faster than others.

Slide. Depending on the goals and extentbike trip the choice is made for him. So, if the hike will mainly take place over rough terrain, especially in the mountains, then it is more suitable for it. ... If the route of the hike is mostly laid on flat roads, then the usual one will do. or option (for short trips). In general, when choosing a bike, you need to be guided by considerations of convenience and reliability. Remember that you will have to spend in not one day.

Slide.

When preparing for any cycling trip, you should thoroughly examine your bike. The bike must have good brakes and sound signal.When driving in the dark, the bicycle must be equipped with a white flashlight in front and a red reflector at the back. It is necessary to identify and eliminate malfunctions and deviations from normal operation, especially of moving parts; wipe and lubricate all rubbing parts; check wheel balancing and tire inflation; strengthen the trunk. After that, you need to test the bike on the go.

Slide. In the process of preparing for the hike, you should think over and select equipment, taking into account the duration and complexity of the route. In addition to the usual things that are traditional and necessary for any hiking trip (for example, a tent, a backpack, dishes, campfire equipment, etc.), a bicycle tourist's equipment must include a repair kit (even for a one-day trip). Typically, a repair kit includes: a set of wrenches, pliers, a screwdriver, rubber glue, rubber for patches, scissors, a bicycle pump and spare parts (spare tire or tube, nuts, washers, ball bearings, spokes, brake pads, etc.).

The cyclist's clothing should be appropriate for their hiking style and comfort when cycling. You must have two pairs of shorts and T-shirts with short sleeves, a cowboy shirt, a light cotton suit, short (knee-length) trousers or shorts, 3-4 pairs of cotton socks and cycling gloves. In case of cold weather, a woolen sweater, woolen socks, gloves and a storm jacket will not be superfluous. As a headdress, it is advisable to take a light panama hat or a hat made of cotton fabric with a visor. On a hike, as experience shows, cyclists usually get by with two pairs of shoes: when moving - sneakers with a solid sole, while on vacation - slippers or sandals.

Organization of the movement of cyclists on the route

You can travel by bicycles almost throughout the country. However, beginner cyclists are recommended to areas where flat roads prevail, passable in any weather, and most of the routes are laid in wooded areas.

Experts advise choosing local roads with asphalt or sand and gravel surfaces for cycling. Highways and federal highways are not recommended for cyclists because of the increased danger caused by heavy traffic and high air pollution above them.

Multi-day hiking and cycling trips are usually carried out in groups of 4 - 6 people. Such a group is considered the most mobile, capable of quickly providing the necessary assistance to the injured tourist and eliminating a technical malfunction.

When moving along the route, the ups and downs require increased attention from tourists. However, short and non-steep ascents can be overcome on the move, while long and protracted climbs are best walked. On descents, cyclists need to slow down from the very beginning of the descent, while maintaining a distance to another cyclist equal to 10-12 m. It is advisable to pass sharp turns on descents at low speed, as at high speed the bike can skid. When driving, it should also be borne in mind that the shoulder can be loose and you should be very careful to drive down onto it, in order to avoid falling due to a sharp decrease in speed.

It is recommended to make a technical halt 20 - 25 minutes after the start of the movement. It is carried out in order to check the technical serviceability of bicycles and to eliminate the identified deficiencies. The speed of movement on the route for novice tourists should not exceed 10-12 km / h. You should not get carried away with high speeds, as this requires not only significant physical costs, but also increased attention in cycling, which deprives a person of the opportunity to see the beauty of the surrounding nature.

The daily routine of cyclists depends on the time of year and the area of ​​the hike. The daytime crossing must be completed 1-2 hours before dark. The most important condition for ensuring the safety of a cycling trip is the strict observance of the group of traffic rules by all tourists.

The speed while driving along the route must be maintained taking into account the condition of the road and slowed down on descents, especially on poorly paved roads, as well as when driving on a wet highway or dirt road with puddles. Tourists should be aware that it is forbidden to continue along the route at dusk and at night, as well as in poor visibility on the road due to fog or heavy haze. If it is necessary to move in such conditions, the bicycle should be carried by hand, observing the rules for the movement of pedestrians on the roads. Experienced tourists are advised to constantly monitor the condition of the bike, carry out its daily technical inspection, and immediately correct any malfunctions and deviations in work. The high level of discipline in the group of cyclists also ensures safety.

Cycling safety.

So, you got on your bike and travel on high and low roads. How to ensure safety while cycling?

First, follow the traffic rules. A cyclist for a driver is worse than a monkey with a grenade. A bicycle is much more maneuverable than a car. Therefore, a bicycle on the road is the object of attention No. 1. They will go around you, let you pass, just to have no problems. All that is required of you is to behave according to the expectations of the drivers. Remember that only the edge of the right lane or shoulder is assigned to the bike; intersections with roads more than one lane wide must be crossed by jumping off the saddle.

If you move in the dark, be sure to hang a red reflector behind, or better a headlight - the cyclist is not visible further than ten meters at night, you can simply be knocked down.

When traveling in mountainous areas, do not be lazy to check the health of the brakes. They are your stronghold and hope. Do not go on a journey with only one working brake: one fails, the second may fail. Having strongly accelerated on the descent, do not brake abruptly. First, you get carried away. Second, the brakes on most bicycles may not be able to withstand the load.

The helmet and leg guards have not done any harm to anyone yet. Other professional equipment should match your "skill" level. If you are in any way fixing your feet on the pedals, wear a safety guard or at least a helmet as well. Equipment class should correspond not only to your skills, but also to various items of equipment.

Anchoring. Solving situational tasks.

Now you have to solve situational tasks. In order for you to find the right solution to get out of a difficult situation, you are offered reminders. (Appendix: memo).

a) Open memos. Check out Cyclist Safety Requirements for Cycling (on your own).

Situation number 1.

A bicycle broke down during a bike trip. Your actions.

b) Read the excerpts from the traffic rules that the cyclist is prohibited on the roads (on your own).

List what is prohibited for a cyclist by traffic rules?

6. Now let's check ourselves. Slide.

Now let's check ourselves.

1. From what age can you ride a bike on the streets?

2. What sign is allowed for cycling?

3. What do you need to check before every bike ride?

Answer:

1.Check the pressure in the tires, the serviceability of the rear wheel brake sleeve, as well as the strength of the connection to the half frames.

2. Clean the mechanism from dust and dirt.

3. You do not need to check anything.

V ... Summing up the lesson.

a) Reflection

– Tell me guys, were we bored today in class? Why?

– What question or task did you like the most?

b) Grading

V I ... Homework. Slide.
Study § 2.5 of the textbook on the questions and do one task of your choice:

Find riddles to match the topic.

Find and learn a poem about a bicycle.

Writing d / s in the diary

Well, now the words of parting words to you:
Do not get lost in front of trouble, be brave,
Suppress the involuntary fear in your soul.
To competently get down to business,
Young friend, study OBZH! Slide.

Recently, a huge number of people began to pay great attention to cycling. Therefore, on the market of tourist services, there are various proposals for organizing various cycling routes around the world. The leaders in these proposals are the countries of Western Europe (Germany, Holland, Austria, Switzerland, France) and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland).

Some people ride a bike for their own pleasure, others go in for cycling professionally. But both are at risk for cycling tourism.

If professionals use some form of protection and are knowledgeable about issues, then amateurs usually do not. All over the world, cyclists, along with pedestrians, are most often involved in road accidents.

Not all bicycles are equipped as prescribed. One of the problems with bicycles is the lack of visibility from the side. A bicycle with multiple speeds and a low-set racing-style handlebar has a higher risk of accidents than a regular bicycle. It is easier to achieve high speeds with such a machine, and a tilted head reduces the visibility of the cyclist.

Protective equipment the bike makes it more visible in traffic and allows the cyclist to maneuver better and stop faster. More sophisticated reflectors and lighting devices increase the distance a cyclist is detected at night and thus reduce the risk of an accident.

Front wheel brake gives a shorter braking distance than the rear wheel brake. The shortest braking distance is provided by the brakes on both wheels. The brake on the rim is more effective than the brake on the hub, the hand brake is more effective than the pedal brake. Synthetic brake pads are more reliable than rubber ones. Leather pads perform better in rainy weather than rubber pads.

A bicycle with a tall handlebar is less manageable than a bicycle with a normal handlebar. This makes it difficult to maneuver on the road. The same applies to bicycles with small wheels.

Children should be singled out as a special risk group, since when buying bicycles, parents often forget to explain to the child the rules of behavior on the road. In the United States, an estimated 250 child cyclists under the age of 14 die each year, and more than 400,000 end up in hospitals with various injuries.

In order to make the bike more visible, easier to operate and less prone to road traffic accidents, you need to pay attention to the following elements:

• headlights and reflective devices;
• brakes;
• rudder height and design;
• wheel diameter and distance between wheels;
• speed system design;
• call bell;
• warning limiters;
• spoke protection;
• a seat or bicycle trailer for a child;
• Bike helmet.

It should be borne in mind that when cycling, the helmet is the main piece of equipment. In countries with a developed cycling culture, it is not accepted to ride without a helmet, and sometimes it is simply prohibited. In the United States, statistics on cyclist accidents say that 85% of deaths were attributed to a lack of a helmet. This is due to the fact that while riding, the cyclist keeps his hands on the handlebars, and in the event of a fall, he most likely will not be able to protect his head, and a fall can occur even with the most careful riding.

Cycling injuries

When cycling, abrasions of the inner surfaces of the thighs, palms of the hands, sprains of the ligaments of the lower extremities can occur. Sometimes, during a fast ride, specks, small insects get into the eyes. As a result of falls, extensive abrasions and bruises are not excluded. Falls cause fractures (usually the collarbone), concussions, and lacerated wounds.

According to British sources for cyclists, there are 15 serious and 61 minor injuries per person killed.

Russia also has corresponding statistics. According to the data of the special tourist information server Velo-DTP.NET.ru, as of May 1, 2007, the following incidents with tourist cyclists were recorded in the country during the year (Table 5).

Table 5. Accidents with tourist cyclists

The distribution of road accidents by months clearly demonstrates the seasonality of this type of accidents (Table 6).

Table 6. Distribution of road accidents by month

The April, June and September peaks of road accidents associated with the "opening of the season", the beginning of summer holidays and the return of schoolchildren to the city after a relaxing summer are easily explainable.