Airplane Games. Hand, basket, bat (Basque game "pelota" in Spain and France) View of a modern court

Pelota (Spanish pelota) - a ball. It is he who is the center of this old Basque game, which eventually became one of the national sports. Once the Basque pelota was even included in the program of the Olympic Games (1900, Paris). Then teams from Spain and France took part in the competition, each of which had two people, and the Spaniards won. Subsequently, several times this sport was present at the Olympic Games as a demonstration. But the Basques carefully preserve their traditions, including sports, so the pelota is still played in every corner of the Basque Country.

Rules of the game

Since the Basques are a harsh people, the game of pelota does not provide for practically any protection. The ball, which the players throw against the wall and then hit with their hand, is quite hard, usually made of rubber and covered with leather, 6.5 cm in diameter and weighing about 100 grams. Sometimes they put on a light leather glove or pick up a racket or a snare bat and hit the ball with it. But in the original game, which has existed among the Basque people since the 18th century, the ball was fought back.

When competing, the participants take turns hitting the ball flying off the wall from the air or after one hit on the court. If someone missed, he lost a point. Therefore, trying not to miss their ball, players sometimes write breathtaking pirouettes in the air. It is forbidden to interfere with each other to intercept the ball in this game.

The wall against which the ball is hit is called the "pediment". There is such a wall in almost every city in the Basque Country. Its height is 9-10 m, and a line is drawn below at the level of 1 m from the ground, below which the bounced ball should not fall.

You can learn to play pelota in many sports centers in the Basque Country. The main thing is to have a comfortable platform. Here is a list of the most famous gables in the region, most of which have pelota schools attached to them.

The most famous pediments of the Basque Country

Astelena (Eibar)

On this site, since its opening in 1904, that is, for more than a century, important events in the world of the Basque pelota have been held. The pediment with a capacity of 1325 people has been reconstructed several times and is a very important place for the region.

The origin of the name of the pediment is interesting. Since ancient times, local Basques, going to work on Monday, after the weekend, went about their business more relaxed - the week is still ahead - and in the evenings they went to the pediment to watch the game of pelota. That is why they called the pediment "Astelena", which means "Monday" in Basque.

• Address: Isasi, 11, Eibar

Jai-Alai (Gernika)

The site, opened in 1963, despite its relatively small capacity of 1,500 people, is one of the most important in the region, because it is located in its very heart - the city of Guernica. Here, as in other venues, a wide variety of events are often held, from city celebrations to private performances or concerts. And on the balcony of the building in which the pediment is located, there is a miniature museum telling about the history of the Basque pelota.

• Address: Carlos Gangoiti, 14, Gernika-Lumo
• Opening hours: Monday-Sunday from 16:00 to 19:00

Atano III (San Sebastián)

This small municipal pediment is located in the special sports area of ​​San Sebastian, next to the football stadium. A polished concrete wall measuring 10x35 m and a height of 14 m is under the roof, so you don't have to be afraid of bad weather. The pediment was first opened in 1963 and then renovated in 1995 and named after one of the best players in the pelota. For more than 35 years, it has been the venue for the finals of the main Basque pelota championship. The stands can accommodate 2,353 people.

• Address: Anoeta pasealekua, s / n, San Sebastian
• Opening hours: Monday-Saturday from 9:00 to 22:00, Sunday - 9: 00-13: 00, on holidays - closed

Galarreta (Hernani)

Since 1970, this site has hosted official sports championships in the Basque pelota game. The pediment is 54x10 m in size and more than 10 m high, made of polished concrete, located indoors. The stands can accommodate 1140 spectators. In addition to training and championships, cultural events are sometimes held here.

• Address: Calle Jauregi, s / n, Hernani
• Opening hours: 16: 00-20: 00

Ogueta (Vitoria-Gasteiz)

A metropolitan pediment with a capacity of up to 2000 people. It was opened on the territory of the large sports complex Mendizorrotza in 1975. The most important pelota games are held here in August. during the annual feasts of the White Virgin.

• Address: Plaza Amadeo García de Salazar, 2, Vitoria-Gasteiz
• Opening hours: Monday-Sunday from 8:00 to 22:00

Bizkaia (Bilbao)

The pediment is located near the Bilbao Arena stadium. It is considered the largest in the region, as it is designed for 3000 spectators. There is also the House of Sports with a height of 7 floors, which accommodates all local sports federations as well as an assembly hall, conference rooms and press rooms. From time to time, excursions are organized around the territory, and the pediment itself can be rented.

• Address: Luis de Castresana, 2, Bilbao
• Opening hours: depending on the events held

To the question What is a pelot? given by the author Ўjin the best answer is the national Basque sport, the prototype of modern squash.




Source: wikipedia

Answer from User deleted[guru]

Answer from Autumn[guru]
Pelota is a national Basque sport, the prototype of modern squash.
Rules of the game
A player (pelotari) with all his might throws a hard ball 6.5 cm in diameter with his bare hand or hits it with a racket - a trap (slightly curved like a beak with a “hiestra”, “chisperoi” bat) into a wall 9 m high. The opponent must hit the ball with air or after one impact on the surface of the site (60 x 16 m).
The ball is made of hard rubber, sheathed with dense fabric and covered with tight leather. It is called "pelota", and it is from him that the game got its name. If one of the players misses the ball, and he hits a metal partition on the opposite end of the field with a clang, his opponent will receive a point. During the game, opponents have no right to interfere with each other. Each mistake is counted as a penalty point, the rally is up to 60 points. The referee hardly looks at the players. It determines by sound who hits and who intercepts, distinguishing each blow - light or heavy.
The pelota can be played, as well as tennis, by singles and couples, as well as teams of four or even six people. For such large teams, sites up to 60 m in length and 16 m in width are divided, while the wall is 18 m wide and 9 m high, the back line is raised above the level of the site by 80 cm, from the back line to 16-20 m feed ...
Was included in Olympic Games 1900 in men's competition and exhibited at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.

Answer from Vladimir Nikitinsky[guru]
BASK PELOTA (Spanish Pelota Vasca).

Team game (2-3 people in a team) with a ball and special racket gloves (chiesters). The players direct the ball by kicking the chiestera into the wall, trying to do this so that the opponents cannot return it after bouncing from it. Distributed in Spain, France, a number of countries Lat. America (especially Mexico). At the OI 1968, demonstration performances were held in B. p.

Answer from Viorel Seredenco[guru]
Pelota (Spanish) - BALL !!!

Answer from Jhjhlklh[guru]
Pelota (Basque pilota) is a national Basque sport, the prototype of modern squash.
Rules of the game

A player (pelotari) with all his might throws a hard ball 6.5 cm in diameter with his bare hand or hits it with a racket - a trap (slightly curved like a beak with a “hiestra”, “chisperoi” bat) into a wall 9 m high. The opponent must hit the ball with air or after one impact on the surface of the site (60 x 16 m).

The ball is made of hard rubber, sheathed with dense fabric and covered with tight leather. It is called "pelota", and it is from him that the game got its name. If one of the players misses the ball, and he hits a metal partition on the opposite end of the field with a clang, his opponent will receive a point. During the game, opponents have no right to interfere with each other. Each mistake is counted as a penalty point, the rally is up to 60 points. The referee hardly looks at the players. It determines by sound who hits and who intercepts, distinguishing each blow - light or heavy.

The pelota can be played, as well as tennis, by singles and couples, as well as teams of four or even six people. For such large teams, sites up to 60 m in length and 16 m in width are divided, while the wall is 18 m wide and 9 m high, the back line is raised above the level of the site by 80 cm, from the back line to 16-20 m feed ...

... Each blow to the wall rattles like a rifle shot, a blow to the palm splashes out like a resounding slap in the face. Swinging very hard, the player throws the ball into a dense stone wall. The ball bounces, flies backwards with a whistle. The second player - the opponent - is at the ready: he intercepts the ball and throws it into the same wall. Now the first catches - and everything repeats.

The ball is made of hard rubber, sheathed with dense linen and covered with tight leather. It is called "pelota", and it was from him that all the fun got the name - the national game of the Basques, the people living on both sides of the Pyrenees in Spain and France.

The rules of the game are not very difficult: catch the ball, thrown by the opponent into the wall, and throw it there. If one of the players - "pelotari" - misses the ball, and he hits a metal partition on the opposite end of the field with a clang, his opponent will receive a point. The referee hardly looks at the players (this is a special chic!). It determines by sound who hits and who intercepts, distinguishing each hit - light or heavy, "hot" or "cool".

If we talk about the primordial, ancient Basque sports, then pelota is not among them. In ancient times, competitions in felling trees, swimming in the sea against the current and lifting stones were popular here. Their rules are simple and severe. Whoever splits firewood the most is the one who won. Whoever goes further against the current, wielding heavy oars, is the winner. And it's even easier with a stone. It is necessary to raise the block above your head as high as possible and hold it for as long as possible.

All these "brave amusements" are in some way alive to this day, but they can only be seen at folklore festivals. Pelota is perceived as a completely modern sport - just with very ancient "roots".

“Pelota is as old as the Basque people,” any zealous admirer of her is convinced of this. But this question is, to put it mildly, controversial. Historians in recent times agree that the Navarre kings, who took the French throne, brought the ball game to the Basque Country, and this happened only in the 16th century. In Paris at the time, the ball game was in vogue at the court. This game is considered the forerunner of modern Olympic tennis and English squash. And when it turned into a pelota, the main thing turned out to be the manifestation of physical strength in the game - just in the spirit of the "primordial sports" of the Basque Country.

There are practically no people indifferent to the pelote among the Basques, all of them are its fans. Only some play pelota, while others root for them. Any kid in the Basque Country knows the names of the pelotari champions for many years and can spend hours discussing the intricacies of the game. But both players and fans are divided into three groups according to their preferred way of playing.

The stronghold of the Manists is the small town of Banos de Rio Tobia. "Manists" play with their bare hands. The ball is very hard and flies at such a speed that the pelotari, after hitting it, turns around its axis. "Manists" suffer great with broken and wounded hands. Nowadays, before the game, they glue rings made of porous rubber on their fingers and palms. This alleviates the pain of the blow even a little, but serves as a source of irritation for the supporters of the "traditional game".

San Sebastian is the stronghold of the Sister Puntat adherents. This name is translated as "spicy basket". To Karel Čapek, who traveled to Spain before World War II, it looked like a bean pod - and no one has yet come up with a better comparison. Those who play in the "sister" style participate in the fastest game in the world: the speed of the ball reaches three hundred kilometers per hour.

The "sestas" are woven by masters whose names are widely known. A curved frame is cut out of a solid, solid chestnut tree and braided with willow twigs - a good "sesta-puntat" will withstand two hundred and two meetings. Known and worthy answer of one of these masters to a visitor, who asked whether it is easier to make baskets from plastic - "Maybe you would advise to make a violin from plastic?"

And in Bilbao, they play with the "pala" - a hefty wooden bat. The rules are about the same, you just have to stipulate some particulars. And for each supporter of his own kind of pelota, the adherent of the other two is, at best, a delusional one. But most likely - not a Basque, but a foreigner, an alien, a stranger, not versed in the pelote and having no right to judge her.

With all the love of the Basques for the pelote in the Spanish Basque Country, you can often see the ads glued to the walls: "Pelotka Haritzea debacatua !!!" - "It is forbidden to play in the pelota !!!" The fact is that children and adolescents exercise for hours, throwing a ball against the wall three hundred, five hundred, a thousand times in a row ... And the walls, which are most suitable for pelota, in the mountainous rural Basque Country have, as a rule, two buildings - a church and a municipality.

But here's the funny thing - they start to play pelota much more carefully with the beginning of the tourist season - and there are a lot of tourists here. The ball, launched with great force, can seriously injure the health of a passer-by. He will dodge his own - the Basque, after all, played at least in childhood. And an inexperienced visitor should be protected. After all, the Basques are a people who value not only strength, but also hospitality ...

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In the name of many games similar to tennis, such consonant names as: " pelota", "the pilot" and " pallet".

Let's figure out what these games are. Let's start with the fact that in Europe it originated in the Basque Country ( author's note - He indicated "in Europe", since long before the appearance in Europe, Mesoamerican peoples were fond of such a game: the Aztecs, Olmecs and Mayans).

The next point is that the pilot (Basque and English. Pilota) in Spanish is translated as pelota (Spanish) and comes from common Latin " Pilotta"which means" ball game. "As for" pallet "( Paleta), then translated from Spanish and Basque means "paddle", "paddle", that is - the prototype of the racket.

Different balls and rackets are used for the pelota, and, accordingly, another name is added to the main name.

The essence of the game: n send the ball so that the opponent could not reach it or make a mistake on hitting.

The game in Europe appeared in the XIV century at about the same time as the French "jue-de-pom", which is considered the prototype of modern tennis. It is a cult sport among the Basques.

In the beginning, in the Basque Country, the ball was interrupted by hand, as in the jue-de-pom. pelota mano(Spanish; Basque Eskuzkoa) ( author's note - With Spanish. "handball", but has nothing to do with handball), later they began to put on a special glove on the hand. They played on a flat, tamped earth area through a dividing line or a stretched rope ( Pilota soro, from Basque "field for the ball"). The essence of the game is to kick the ball out of the reach of the opponent. The ball consists of a boxwood core (20–36 mm, depending on the type of pelota), which is tightly wrapped with wool and sheathed with leather in one or two layers. Ball weight - 92–95 g.

Due to the fact that the palm of the player's hand was subject to bodily injuries, only men play the mano peloto.

Soon, this game had a variation - a playground (Spanish. Cancha; Basque. Pilotalekuak) was not divided into two halves, but a wall was placed at its end " gable"(Spanish. Fronton; Basque. Frontis), that is, the front wall. The essence of the game was that the ball sent into the wall after a rebound was alternately beaten by the opponents. Before the kick, only one touch of the ball to the ground was allowed. It was allowed to hit from the air. The surface of the platforms was of well-polished stone. Both external and internal walls of buildings were used for the game.

It should be noted that in the Basque Country there is not a single settlement where there was no playground for the pelota and no holiday goes by without it. Usually, the match is followed by folk dances in honor of the players.

There are practically no people indifferent to the pelote among the Basques, all of them are its fans. Only some play, while others get sick. True, for all the Basque love of the pelote in the Basque Country, you can often see the announcements posted on the walls: "It is forbidden to play pelota !!!" (Antzezlan pelota debekatuta !!!). The fact is that children and adolescents exercise for hours by throwing the ball against the wall. And the walls most suitable for pelota in the mountainous countryside usually have two buildings - a church and a municipality, and their visitors are often hit by a ball.

The game spread widely across the Spanish-speaking countries.

The following video demonstrates the game of peloto mano in a modern equipped room.

However, the game has survived when the opponents face each other (a site without a wall). This game is called valencian pelot(Spanish) and its origin dates back to the end of the XIV century. The Valencian pelota is played both outdoors and indoors. It also has several variations: Trinquete, Calle, Galotxeta... Each of them has its own size of the site and balls of different size and weight.

V trinkete(Spanish. Trinquete; Basque. Trinket) play in the hall. Its playground differs from the others in that it has 4 play walls, and spectators are located on special steps and are not protected by anything from a possible hit by a ball. The site is divided by a grid. A team can have from two to five players.

In addition to playing with the hand, there are many varieties of pelota based on the object with which the players hit the ball.

Let's start with the most unusual "tool of the game", which is called the "spicy basket" (sp. Cesta-Punta; Basque. Zesta-Punta; literally "basket-finally") and as for me it resembles a beak, but to Karel Capek, who traveled around Spain before the Second World War, it seemed like a bean pod.

In such an unusual form lies the secret of the popularity of the pelota, which was named " Basque pelota"(eng. Basque pelota) or in the Basque manner " pelots vaska" (Pelota vasca).

In the old days, a spicy basket ( hereinafter, for brevity, "basket") were hollowed out of wood. A large mitten made of durable fabric was attached to the handle. The player inserted his hand there and pulled it with straps. In 1857, the Frenchman Jean Dityurbid from Saint-Pi-sur-Nivelle first made a wicker basket from thin rods and bast, which became much lighter ( author's note - Wikipedia in fr. it is indicated that now there are three artisans making wicker baskets, two of them are Spaniards who are over 70 years old and one is French).

The player himself, regardless of how he hit the ball, is called "pelotari" ().

Baskets (sisters) are different and, based on this, different names for the game:

Festa punta(Spanish) or Basque shai scarlet (Jai alai), which means "happy holiday" is the most prestigious type of pelota. It uses a basket 62–68 cm long (taking into account the curvature of 90–110 cm), 13 cm wide and 15 cm deep ( the shape of the curvature resembles an old two-cornered hat). Its weight is 500-600 g. It is made of chestnut wood or wicker vine ( author's note - Chestnut is a type of wood that combines flexibility, strength and insect resistance). Currently, synthetic materials are also used. The ball weighs 125–140 g. It is allowed to catch the ball with the basket and make several steps before throwing it, but this must take place without stopping, otherwise the point will be lost. The game is played up to 40 points. In France it is called " Grand chistera", and the team consists of three people.

Repair(Spanish. Remonte), which arose in 1904. A shallower basket is used - 7 cm or less curved. Its length is 67–70 cm (in a straight line), and its weight is 350–400 g. A distinctive feature of the renovation is that the ball in the basket should not stop (as is allowed in festa punta), but have continuous movement. The ball weighs 115 g and has a diameter of 6 cm. A similar game has a name Marseille pelot "Joko Garbi"(Spanish. Marseillen Pilota "Yoko Garbi"), and the team consists of three people.

Lyaksoa(Spanish. Laxoa) - one of the oldest types of pelota (after mano pelota) and translates as "long game" (meaning that the length of the playing field reaches 100 m). Unlike other types of pelotari in lyaxoa, each team consists of five pelotari. As a rule, the shortest and widest basket is used in the shape of a palm, but variants of the game are possible with both a hand and a basket for jocko garby. The serve is carried out on the ball bouncing off the curbstone 91.4 cm high. Teams are placed face to face. The teammates can pass the ball to each other, and the opponents can intercept it. The weight of the ball is 125–135 g. The score is the same as in tennis. The match is served by 7 referees. The match consists of 13 games (games). Each game is counted as in tennis (0; 15; 30; 40; ...). In France, this game is called rebot (Rebot).

The next group of games uses completely wooden rackets ( Paleta), cut from one piece of wood, or from layers of different wood by laminating them. These include:

Pelota fell (Pelota pala) a racket made of a solid piece of beech is used (holes are possible to reduce air resistance) (left picture). Length - 50-50.5 cm, maximum width - 17 cm, thickness - 18-20 mm.

V cuero pallet(Spanish) a racket is also used from a solid piece of beech. Length - 50-50.5 cm, maximum width - 13-14 cm, thickness - 25-30 mm. Weight - 600–650 g. Ball weight 50–55 g. Besides men, women also play.

V Pala court(Spanish) uses a racket of the same length, but narrower - 11.5 cm, thickness - 35 mm and heavier - up to 800 g. The weight of the ball is 85–91 g.

With even narrower rackets of 10 cm, they play Larga fell(Spanish). Their length can be longer - 50-60 cm, and the width is only 10 cm, the thickness is 45 mm. Weight 700-800 g. Ball weight 95-100 g.

Pallet goma masiza(Spanish. Paleta goma maciza). It uses a racket made from a solid piece of beech wood weighing 520-600 g. It can have holes to reduce air resistance. A distinctive feature of the goma masiza pallet is a ball made of solid rubber ( Goma maciza), which weighs 65–67 g.

Pelota pallet (Pelota paleta), Argentine pallet (Paleta argentina) or simply pallet, which arose in 1905 ( according to other sources in 1915) in Argentina. The ball, as in the Gome Masize palette, is solid rubber weighing 38–40 g and a diameter of 42 mm. But the racket is shorter, wider and made of puff wood. Both men and women play. The weight of the racket is 330–450 g (depending on the female or male). The length is 51 cm, and the width is 18-21 cm.

Another type of pelota - Hare(Spanish. Xare, Chare,Share), which arose in 1885 in Argentina. It also has another name: " argentine racket" (Raqueta Argentina). It uses a racket with a rim (hazel or chestnut), which is braided with a rope with a slight tension, which allows you to catch the ball and throw it, but you need to do this in one motion. The maximum length of the racket is 55 cm.
Ball weight 83-85 g.

Types of playgrounds

For different versions of pilots, in which three walls are used, there are two types of platforms - the same in markings, but different lengths: 36 meters ( Fronton Corto) and 54 meters ( Fronton Largo). On a long court they play festa punta, repair and pala larga. For other types of pilots, which use three walls, the games are played on a 36-meter area, with the exception of the pallet pelota (Argentinean pallet), which is 30 meters long.

The front wall is upholstered with tin at a height of 1 meter, and its right side and top at a height of 10 meters are also upholstered with a 15 centimeters wide tin strip. The same stripes are marked on the top of the left and back walls. The hitting of the ball on the plate gives a signal to the referee that the ball is out of the playing area and the point is lost.

The first playground with a left wall was built in 1877 in San Sebastian (Basque Country, Spain).

In playgrounds with four walls, they play pelota mano, trinkete, cuero pallet, goma pallet, hare. In such halls, a lower gallery for spectators with a sloping roof is provided. Modern venues often have transparent walls, behind which spectators are also located. An unusual detail of such playgrounds: the front wall is connected to the right one by a narrow wall 70.7 centimeters wide at an angle of 45 degrees.

Lyaksoa is played on a court 70-100 meters long and 17-20 meters wide, divided in length into two parts: 2/3 are called attack zones and 1/3 are called defense zones (if the court is less than 100 m, then 32 m from the wall ). Walls are installed at the ends. In the center of the dividing line, there is a feed cabinet with a height of 91.4 centimeters.

Basic rules of the game(for areas with three walls)

1. Submission. Who is the first to serve is determined by lot. Next, the one who won the point serves. The feed should be no closer to the marking line marked "7" ("Pasa") on the left wall. Serve from the bottom after the ball bounces off the surface of the court (floor or ground).

2. Play a point. Further, during the rally, the ball can bounce off any walls, but before it lands, one of the walls must be in front. The teams hit the ball one by one. In the team itself, the order of the blow is optional. You can hit the ball both from a rebound from the floor, as well as from the air (the arrangement of the players is approximately the same as in tennis: one near the front wall for flying, the other behind to play on a bounced ball).

3. Account. Points are awarded based on a natural series of numbers. The match lasts up to 35–40 won points, but with a mandatory minimum difference of two points (ie, if the set winning points are equal, the yoke goes to "Over-Under").

4. Loss of a point:

• if the served ball, after bouncing off the front wall, does not land in the area bounded by the marking lines "4" ("Falta") and "7" ("Pasa") marked on the left wall;
• if the ball hits the tin strips installed on the walls;
• if the ball has landed twice;
• if the ball lands behind the right court marking line;

• if the ball is hit not in the prescribed order;
• if a player deliberately prevents an opponent from taking a kick (in case of an unintentional interference, a point replay is awarded);
• if the ball touches one of the teammates of the team behind which the order of the kick is taken (if the ball is unintentionally touched by the opponent or was physically unable to dodge, then a point replay is awarded, otherwise the opponent loses a point).

The rules allow the ball to ricochet into the front wall from the left wall, but such shots are rarely performed, since there is a high probability of the ball going out-of-bounds (beyond the right line of the line).

Basque pelota was official Olympic view sports in 1900 in Paris, where only two teams took part: Spain defeated France. Three more times in Olympic program was incorporated as a demonstration sport in 1924 in Paris (men), 1968 in Mexico City (men) and 1992 in Barcelona (men and women).

International Basque Pelota Federation(Spanish. Federación Internacional de Pelota Vasca) was founded in 1929 in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and now it includes 30 countries (official site of FIPV). She harmonized the various old rules of the games to 4 variants and combines 12 varieties of the game, based on the inventory used ( author's note - The French federation of the Basque pelota unites 22 types of pelota). Only two disciplines are played by both men and women. This is due to the fact that many games of pelota are quite dangerous and, despite the protective equipment (helmets, goggles), deaths occur every few years due to a ball hitting the head.

The first World Championship was held in 1952 in San Sebastian (Spain). Its frequency: every four years ( in the beginning the frequency was more frequent). The last championship took place in 2014 in Guadalajara (Mexico).