In official ISSF documents and results protocols international competitions short names of exercises are used, including the shooting distance, type of weapon and number of shots (for example: "50 m. Free rifle. 3x40 shots"). For each exercise, an abbreviation has been introduced, two letters of which indicate the type of weapon (for example, MV - small-caliber rifle; PP - air pistol, etc.), and the numbers - the serial number of this exercise in the national sports classification for shooting.
VP-6 (AR60)- pneumatic rifle. Distance 10 m. Target No. 8. 60 shots standing. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.
MV-6 (FR3X40)- arbitrary small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 40 shots lying down (1 hour 00 minutes), 40 standing (1 hour 30 minutes), 40 from the knee (1 hour 15 minutes). In each of the positions, an unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the performance of the test shots. The winner is determined by the sum of points scored in three positions.
MV-9 (FR60PR)- standard small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the prone position, 60 shots. The total time for shooting from three positions is 1 hour 45 minutes. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.
PP-3 (AP60)- shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 60 shots. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the start of record shots.
MP-6 (FP)- arbitrary small-caliber pistol. Distance 50 m. Target No. 4. 60 shots. Time 2 h 00 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.
MP-8 (RFP)- rapid-fire small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 m. 5 simultaneously appearing targets No. 5. 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots; the shooter fires one shot at each of the five simultaneously appearing targets. The exercise is divided into 2 halves, each of which consists of two series of 8 s, two of 6 s, and two of 4 s. Before the start of test shooting in each half of the exercise, one trial series is performed for 8 s. First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.
VP-4 (AR40)- pneumatic rifle. 40 shots standing. Time 1 hour 15 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.
MV-5 (STR3X20)- Shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x20 shots.
PP-2 (AP40): shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 40 shots.
MP-5 (SP)- a standard (sports) small-caliber pistol (in the international classification, a pistol for the MP-5 exercise) is usually called a sports pistol, although this is the same pistol from which the MP-10 exercise is performed. Distance 25 m. The exercise is divided into two parts. The first - 30 shots - is carried out on a fixed target No. 4, the second - 30 shots - on an emerging target No. 5. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots at one target. In the first half, each series is completed in 6 minutes; in the second half in each series, the target appears 5 times for 3 seconds, during which the shooter fires one shot (pauses between the appearances of the target - 7 s). First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.
Non-Olympic exercises (bullet shooting)
VP-1- shooting from an air rifle, distance 10 m. Position - leaning on a table, standing or sitting, 20 shots.
VP-2- shooting from an air rifle, distance 10 m. Position - standing, 20 shots.
MV-1- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m (25 m). Position - lying down from the stop, 10 shots.
MV-2- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m (25 m). Position - lying from the belt, 10 shots.
MV-4- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x10 shots.
MV-7- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position - standing, 40 shots.
MV-8- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position - lying, 30 shots.
MV-9zh (STR60PR)- sports small-caliber rifle. The execution conditions correspond to exercise MB-9.
PV-3- shooting from a large-caliber rifle, distance 100 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x10 shots.
PV-4- shooting from a large-caliber rifle, distance 300 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x10 shots.
PV-5- shooting from a large-caliber rifle, distance 300 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x20 shots.
PV-6 (300FR3X40)- arbitrary large-caliber rifle. Distance 300 m. Target No. 3. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 40 shots lying down (1 hour 15 minutes), 40 standing (1 hour 45 minutes), 40 from the knee (1 hour 30 minutes). In each of the positions, an unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the performance of the test shots. The winner is determined by the sum of points scored in three positions
PV-9 (300FR60PR)- arbitrary large-caliber rifle. Distance 300 m. Target No. 3. 60 prone shots. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.
AV-3- shooting from a large-caliber standard rifle, distance 100 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x10 shots.
AB-4- shooting from a large-caliber standard rifle, distance 300 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x10 shots.
AB-5 (300STR3X20)- standard large-caliber rifle. Distance 300 m. Target No. 3. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 20 shots prone, 20 standing, 20 kneeling. The total time for shooting from three positions is 2 hours 30 minutes. In each of the positions, an unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the performance of the test shots. (Until 1969, the exercise was performed from an army rifle adopted by the country that was the organizer of the international competition. Since 1969, a standard large-caliber rifle has been introduced, but the former abbreviation AB has been preserved in the domestic competition rules for the exercise.)
PP-1- shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 20 shots.
MP-1- shooting from a sports small-caliber pistol, distance 25 m, 10 shots.
MP-2- shooting from a sports small-caliber pistol at an emerging target, a distance of 25 m, 30 shots.
MP-3- shooting from an arbitrary small-caliber pistol, distance 50 m, 30 shots.
MP-4- shooting from a sports small-caliber pistol, distance 25 m, 30 shots.
MP-7- shooting from a rapid-fire small-caliber pistol, distance 25 m, 5 emerging targets, 30 shots.
MP-9- shooting from a standard small-caliber pistol, distance 25 m, 30 shots.
MP-10 (STP)- standard small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 m. Target No. 4. 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots. One target. The exercise is divided into 3 parts. The first consists of four series of 150 s, the second of four series of 20 s, and the third of four series of 10 s. Before the start of test shooting, one trial series is performed for 150 s.
MP-11- shooting from an arbitrary small-caliber pistol, distance 50 m, 40 shots.
RP-1- shooting from a pistol (revolver) of central combat, a distance of 25 m, 10 shots.
RP-2- firing from a pistol (revolver) of central combat, a distance of 25 m, 30 shots.
RP-4- firing from a pistol (revolver) of central combat, distance 25 m, 30 shots
RP-5 (CFP)- large-caliber pistol (revolver). The conditions for performing this exercise correspond to exercise MP-5.
MV-10- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, a distance of 50 m. The speed of movement is slow. 20 shots.
MV-11- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Movement speed - slow and fast. 20+20 shots.
MV-11a (50RTMIX)- small-caliber rifle with an optical sight. Distance 50 m. Target "Running boar". The exercise consists of 2 series of 20 shots. In each series, on each side, the movement is performed by 5 slow (2 m/s) and 5 fast (4 m/s) runs, the sequence of which is randomly mixed and unknown to the shooter (the so-called "mixed run"). The open space that the target passes is 10 m. Before each series, one slow and one fast run is performed on each side of the movement.
MV-12 (50RT)- small-caliber rifle with an optical sight. Distance 50 m. Target "Running boar". The exercise is divided into 2 series: 30 shots at a target moving at a speed of 2 m/s ("slow run") and 30 shots at a target moving at 4 m/s ("fast run"). The target is shown from behind cover and alternately from right to left and from left to right passes an open space equal to 10 m. Before the first series, the shooter is given 4 test runs at a slow speed; before the second series - 4 test runs at a fast speed.
VP-10- shooting from an air rifle, distance 10 m. Movement speed - slow. 20 shots.
VP-11 (10RT20)- differs from the VP-12 exercise in that in each of its series 30, and 20 shots are performed.
VP-11a (10RTMIX)- an air rifle with an optical sight. Distance 10 m. Moving target with a black circle. The open space that the target passes through is 2 m. The rest of the execution conditions correspond to MB11a.
VP-12 (10RT)- an air rifle with an optical sight. Distance 10 m. Moving target with a black circle. The open space that the target passes through is 2 m. The rest of the execution conditions correspond to MB-12. Olympic exercise, men.
bullet shooting
Performances of athletes-shooters are conducted from rifles and pistols (pneumatic, small-caliber and large-caliber).
Every year shooting competitions are held at various levels: from regional to World and European championships. At present, the rules International Federation shooting sports (ISSF) in bullet shooting, there are 15 men's and 7 women's exercises, which are included in the programs of international competitions. 6 men's and 4 women's exercises from this list are included in the mandatory Olympic program.
As the world of shooting sports developed, championship programs expanded due to the introduction of new exercises and the number of participants in the competition continuously increased. The program of the first World Championship differed significantly from the program of shooting competitions held the year before the first Olympic Games Oh. If at the Games of 1896 five exercises were performed (two in rifle shooting and three in pistol shooting), then in the program of the 1897 World Championship there was only one exercise, and until 1900 the participants competed only in rifle shooting. In 1900, the program was supplemented by another discipline - pistol shooting, and starting from 1949. international union shooting sports officially introduced shooting at a moving target (as well as clay shooting) into the program of its championships.
By 1994, the program of the world championships had stabilized in general, but continued to become more complex within the framework of individual disciplines. So, for example, in 2002, shooting from large-caliber rifles at 300 meters for women was introduced. In the same year, the women's program was supplemented with a new exercise - shooting from an air rifle at a moving target. In 2002, at the championship in Lahti, participants in shooting competitions performed a total of 43 exercises (men - 15, women - 9, boys - 12, and girls - 7). 86 sets of personal and team awards were played.
Bench shooting
Bench shooting - shooting at special flying targets known as clay pigeons. Shooting is carried out from a smoothbore, but not a pneumatic gun. The maximum caliber for sport target shooting is 12 gauge.
Shooting at sports targets can be practiced by people of any gender and age. At the same time, in Lately, there has been an increase in the participation of women and children, making target shooting a family sport.
Skit(round stand) and ladder(trench stand) became classic clay exercises by the end of the 1920s, when regular world championships began to be held. In 1952, trap shooting was again included in the Olympic program - shooting on a trap stand, in 1968 it was added - shooting on a round stand. In 1962, women also became participants in the world championships. But only in 1996, a women's exercise was included in the Olympic program - shooting on a trench stand.
Sporting
Sporting is a kind of trap shooting that combines almost all sports and hunting disciplines - shooting at targets flying through the air and moving on the ground, simulating the flight of birds and the running of animals in the conditions of natural terrain with its various trajectories.
Rifle shooting
At the world championships in 1897, 1898 and 1899, participants performed only one exercise - shooting from an arbitrary large-caliber rifle at 300 meters in three positions: lying, kneeling and standing (3x40 shots).
In 1897, a target with a diameter of 100 cm with an aiming apple of 60 cm was divided into five dimensional rings (from "one to five"). The following year, a target with the same dimensions was divided into ten dimensional rings (from "one" to "tens") and since then it has not undergone any changes. Personal and team championship in the PV-6 exercise until 1994, it was played both in total points (3x40 shots) and in separate positions (with the exception of the period from 1949 to 1966, when team competitions were not held in separate positions). In 1982, they stopped playing the championship in the prone position, but instead, personal and team competitions began to be held in a new exercise - 60 prone shots from an arbitrary large-caliber rifle at 300 meters (PV-9).
In 1911, shooting at 300 meters from a large-caliber army rifle in the prone, kneeling and standing positions was introduced into the program of the world championships. At this championship, 30 shots were performed in each position, but from 1912 the number of shots in positions was reduced to 20. From 1911 to 1962, this exercise (AV-5) was performed from a rifle in service with the army of the country that held the World Championship, but in 1966 and 1970, participants could use an army rifle of any system. Since 1974, the AB-5 exercise has been performed from a standard large-caliber rifle. Until 1947, the title of world champion in the AB-5 exercise was played both by total points and in individual positions; but team competitions began to be held only from 1935 (and only on the total amount of points of the three positions).
The first attempt to include shooting from a small-caliber rifle at 50 meters in the program of the world championships was made in 1924. Then competitions were held for women who performed 20 standing shots at a target with a diameter of 50 cm, divided into 10 dimensional rings (with a black apple diameter of 20 cm), and the places taken were determined first by the number of shots that hit the target, then by the number of holes in black apple of the target and only then by "tens", "nines", etc. Such competitions were held only once, and until 1958 women no longer participated in the world championships.
The next time shooting from an arbitrary small-caliber rifle at 50 meters was included in the program of the 1929 World Championship. The exercise consisted of 40 prone and 40 standing shots, but the championship was played only in certain positions. In 1930, the exercise was supplemented with 40 shots from the knee, but until 1937 the championship was still determined in separate positions. To determine the winners in this exercise (MB-6) by the total amount of points (and in certain positions) began in 1937. The team championship in the sum of three positions has been played since 1949. Both personal and team competitions in separate lying positions, with kneeling and standing positions were performed from 1930 to 1958 (and from 1962 to 1990 only in kneeling and standing positions). Since 1994, in the MV-6 exercise, the winners in the individual and team championships are determined only by the total sum of the points of the three positions.
From 1929 to 1958, for shooting from small-caliber rifles at 50 meters, a target with a diameter of 250 mm was used, with a black apple of 120 mm and a "tens" diameter of 20 mm. In 1958, the target was reduced and the diameter of the "tens" became 12.4 mm. Soon the shooting results again approached the limit, in connection with which in 1989 a new target was introduced with a "ten" equal to 10.4 mm.
In 1947, a new exercise was introduced into the program of the first post-war world championship - 60 prone shots from an arbitrary small-caliber rifle (30 shots at 50 meters plus 30 shots at 100). This exercise is called "English match". In 1962, the "English match" was replaced by the MV-9 exercise (60 prone shots at 50 m).
At the 1966, 1970 and 1974 world championships, in addition to the MV-6 and MV-9 exercises, men competed in shooting from a standard small-caliber rifle in three positions (3x20 shots). In the future, this exercise was excluded from the men's program.
Competitions for women at the world championships have been held since 1958, when two exercises were introduced for them: the "English match" and shooting in three positions from an arbitrary small-caliber rifle (3x30 shots). Since 1966, an arbitrary small-caliber rifle in women's exercises has been replaced by a standard one. At the same time, in shooting from three positions, women began to perform not 3x30, but 3x20 shots, i.e. exercise MV-5 was introduced. Since 1998, women began to perform exercises MV-9 and MV-5 from the so-called sporting rifle, which is actually arbitrary.
Shooting from air rifles at 10 meters was first performed by men in 1966 and by women at the next world championship, in 1970. Until 1982, both men and women performed an exercise consisting of 40 shots, and since 1982 the number of shots for men was increased to sixty and the VP-6 exercise appeared. Until 1989, a target with a "ten" was used for shooting from an air rifle, the diameter of which was 1.0 mm. In 1989, the target was reduced and the diameter of the "ten" became 0.5 mm, but despite this, the shooting results continued to grow and in 2000 an absolute world record was set in the VP-6 exercise (600 points), and in 2002 and in exercise VP-4 (400 points).
In 2002, for the first time, women competed for world champion medals in 300-meter high-caliber free rifle shooting, performing two exercises: AB-5 (3x20 shots) and PV-9 (60 prone shots).
Pistol shooting
Before 1900 at the world championships, shooting was carried out only from large-caliber rifles. In 1900, 50 m pistol shooting was introduced into the championship program for the first time. Participants fired 60 shots at a target with a diameter of 500 mm, divided into ten dimensional rings. From 1900 to 1903, a six-shot large-caliber revolver was used for this exercise, which since 1904 was replaced by a single-shot small-caliber pistol of an arbitrary design, i.e. appeared modern exercise MP-6. It should be noted that the target for the MP-6 exercise in our time is no different from the one used in 1900.
Shooting from a semi-automatic small-caliber pistol at 25 m at a group of emerging targets at the world championships was first performed in 1935. In the entire history of shooting sports, not a single exercise has undergone such changes as this, which gradually turned into a modern MP-8 exercise. In 1935, shooting was carried out at six emerging targets. The target, 163 cm high, was a black silhouette of a figure of a walking person (there were no overall zones on the target). The exercise consisted of three series of 6 shots; each series was completed in 8 seconds. The championship was determined by the number of hits. Trial shots were not allowed, and any delays and misfires were counted as misses.
Championship in 1937 the same targets were used. But the content of the exercise changed and three series were performed in it: one in 8 seconds, one in 6 and one in 4 seconds. The championship was determined by the smallest number of penalty points, which were used to evaluate misses.
By the 1939 World Championships, the targets and the content of the exercise had changed again. As before, shooting was carried out at six silhouettes, but the human figures were depicted in a simplified way. Superiority was determined by the number of hits on the target.
At the first post-war world championship in 1947, shooting was carried out at five targets with oval overall zones (the height of the "tens" was 150 mm, and the width was 100 mm). As at present, the exercise was divided into two halves, in each of which two sets of 8 seconds, two of 6 and two of 4 seconds were performed. The superiority was determined by the number of hits, and the overall zones were used in order to reveal the advantage with an equal number of hits.
Since 1958, the championship is determined not by the number of hits, but by the sum of points in the exercise. Subsequently, the configuration and dimensions of the emerging target were changed several times. At the 1986 World Championships, shooting was carried out at rectangular targets 75 cm high and 45 cm wide with oval overall zones from "ten" to "six". Starting from the championship in 1990, a target with a diameter of 500 mm with five overall zones (from "ten" to "five") was introduced, located on a white square blank. The diameter of the "tens" of this target is 100 mm
In 1949, the championship program was supplemented by the RP-5 exercise - shooting from a large-caliber revolver or center-fire pistol at 25 m (30 shots at a stationary target and 30 at an emerging one).
At the 1962 World Championships, women competed for the first time in pistol shooting, which was subsequently excluded from the program of women's competitions.
10m air pistol shooting has been introduced into the world championship program since 1970, when men and women performed a 40-shot exercise (PP-2). Until 1989, for exercises PP-2 and PP-3, a target with a "ten" equal to 12 mm was used. In 1989, a reduced target was introduced, the "tens" diameter of which is 11.5 mm.
Beginning in 1970, participants in the world championships began to perform the MP-10 exercise - shooting from a standard small-caliber pistol at an emerging target (4 series of 150 seconds, 4 series of 20 and 4 series of 10 seconds - all series of 5 shots). Women performed this exercise only once - in 1970.
Shooting at a moving target
The world championships in shooting at a moving target have been held since 1929. Shooting was carried out at 100 m from an arbitrary rifle at a "running deer" target. Two exercises were performed: 50 single and 25 double shots. Until 1949, the title of world champion in these events was usually played at the same time as the UIT World Championships, but under the control and according to the rules of the International Federation of Shooting Sporting and Hunting Weapons (FITASC). Officially, shooting at a moving target and trap shooting were included in the program of the UIT World Championships only in 1949. The "running deer" target had five concentric dimensional rings with a "five" diameter of 150 mm.
In 1966, shooting from a large-caliber rifle at a "running deer" target was replaced by shooting from a small-caliber rifle at 50 meters at a "running roe deer" target; this target also had five dimensional rings, but not concentric, but oval. In shooting at a running roe deer, 40 shots were fired (20 slow target runs and 20 fast ones).
At the 1967 championship, shooting was carried out at a new target - the "running boar", on which there were five concentric overall rings, and the "five" had a diameter of 50 mm. From 1969 to the present time, the target has been divided into 10 overall rings with a "ten" 60 mm in diameter.
Since the 1967 championship rifles for shooting at moving targets are allowed to use optical sights.
By 1970, in addition to the MV-11 exercise (20 + 20 shots), the MV-11a exercise was introduced, in which 20 slow and 20 fast target runs are performed in a sequence unknown to the shooter in advance. Since 1970, instead of the MV-11 exercise at the world championships, they began to perform the MV-12 exercise (30 + 30 shots).
Shooting at a moving target at 10 meters with an air rifle was introduced into the program of the World Championships in 1981. Initially (until 1989), men performed the VP-11 exercise (20 + 20 shots) at a target on which a running wild boar was depicted, reduced in proportion to the shooting distance compared to a target for 50 m. On a target for shooting from an air rifle, the diameter is "tens " was at first equal to 6 mm, but then reduced to 5.5 mm. In 1989 the VP-11 exercise was replaced by the VP-12 exercise with 30 slow runs and 30 fast runs. At the same time, a new target was introduced with a black apple for aiming and two targets located to the right and left of it, the diameter of the "tens" of which is 5.5 mm. When running from right to left, the shot is fired at the left target, and when running in the opposite direction - at the right. In 1994, the championship program was supplemented by the VP-11a exercise, which is similar in content to the MV-11a exercise, but is performed from an air rifle.
In the women's program of the world championships, air rifle shooting at a moving target was introduced in 1994, when women and girls performed the VP-11 exercise in the individual championship. At the next championship, both individual and team championships were played, and in 2002 women and girls already performed two exercises - VP-11 and VP-11a.
Bench shooting
Shooting at sports targets is divided into three main groups: trench stand, round stand and double-trap.
Trench stand (Trap)
An exercise that shooters perform while standing on the same line of fire, at the end of the 19th century. received the name "trench stand", and abroad - "trap", from the English trap - hunting. In this exercise, the targets are thrown in different directions, and shooting at them requires good reaction and high speed.
Round stand (skeet)
The name of an American - Davis from Androver - is associated with the emergence in the mid-1920s. a round stand or "skit" (the word has Scandinavian roots), where the targets fly along constant trajectories, and the athletes, moving in a circle from one shooting station to another, fire at different angles.
Targets are served singly or in doublets from two machines located at a distance of about 40 meters from each other at opposite ends of a semicircular arc, on which seven shooting stations are located. Targets are launched with predetermined trajectories and speed.
This discipline uses single and double target combinations, totaling 25 targets in a series. Targets are launched from high and low booths with a fixed trajectory and speed. Shooting is carried out from seven shooting stations located in the form of a semicircular arc. A hit target counts as one point, the maximum number of points is 25.
Double trap - simultaneous shooting at paired targets (doublet)
Sporting
Double shooting (double - sporting)
This is one of the types of sports and hunting shooting, united by the general term "sporting", which has a number of organizational features, in which shooting is carried out at doublets, equally produced for one shooting place. Each shooting station is usually located at a distance from each other. It is acceptable to use single targets in a series to ensure the multiplicity. Two single targets for a 50-shot series, 4 single targets for a 100-shot series and 6 single targets for a 50-shot series.
This is one of the types of sports and hunting shooting, united by the common term - sporting, characterized in that the shooting of a series of 25 targets is carried out on limited areas, either on standard sites of round and trench stands, or on sites of sizes close to them. The maximum range of target destruction is no more than 35 m.
In international practice, it is called in one word - sporting. Along with this, the term "sporting" is used as a unifying term for all types of sports and hunting shooting. This type of sports and hunting shooting compared to compact sporting and other types is much more complex in organization, requires more throwing equipment, and is carried out on vast areas of the terrain.
Sporting (large) is the most complex in terms of the variety of target trajectories, the presence of the longest shooting distances, and is distinguished by strict requirements for the preparation of the shooter. Complicating elements include the fact that the shooter, as a rule, does not see the target at the moment it is launched by the machine, while the referee duplicates the shooter's command (by whistle, wave of the hand, by radio, etc.), because some of the machines can be serviced by a loader - a launcher located behind a natural or artificial shelter.
Sporting (large) makes increased demands on shooters - to have the necessary equipment with them, to carry it around the area (like on a hunt), to be able to distribute their forces, because. to shoot a series of 25 targets, you have to move along the route from one shooting range to another, and at the same time make 4 - 5 starts in shooting. A series of 25 targets takes, as a rule, more than 1 hour in time (including transitions).
One of the disciplines of sporting, in which at each shooting point a target (cymbal) imitates the flight of a specific type of game (duck, goose, black grouse, woodcock, marsh game, pheasant, partridge, hare, grouse, etc.). This provides for the most common hunting pair flights of targets or simultaneous flights in one direction or flights from closely spaced cars.
Competition program - 100, 150, 200 targets. Approach shooting (hunting trail) - minimum 5 different bird flight paths, minimum number of cars - 10 pcs. Trail distance - up to 30 m. Shooting distance is divided into 10 identical sectors. The target is served at the time without the command of the shooter during his movement arbitrarily in each sector, according to an individual program unknown to the athlete. The program is determined by a draw.
A single throwing machine is installed on the site, placed in a structure with a width of about 2.5 m and a front height of 0.91 m. Five shooting positions 2.75m apart form an arc 14.5m from the vehicle body. move from side to side a maximum of 22.5 degrees in either direction from a straight line. In calm weather, they should fly a distance of 48 - 50 m. Sighting targets are adjusted to pass through a hoop with a diameter of 0.91 m, located at a height of 2.7 m and at a distance of 9 m along the axis.
Hellice in French means "helicopter", and the target is a plastic helicopter with two wings, the central part of the body is a white insert. The aim of shooting is to hit the target with enough force to cause the center piece to separate and fall within the set fence.
The area closely resembles the traditional Live Pigeon area and is equipped with five target launchers arranged in an arc at a distance of 4.5 m and facing the athlete, who is on a track 7 m long. The nearest point of the track is at a distance of 21 m from throwing machines, and the shooter moves back further to complicate shooting. A 60 cm high fence is installed 21 m behind the line of throwing machines.
Target launchers are equipped with small vibrating motors that spin the targets at high speeds. When launched, the target moves in an indefinite direction, and its flight is completely unpredictable. A characteristic feature of the competition in this type of shooting is a small number of targets - usually no more than 25. Athletes have to wait a long time between launching targets in order to be able to concentrate carefully. The shooter approaches the mark, takes position and announces "ready". This serves as a signal to start the engines. On the command "give" the shutter in front of one of the targets leans back, and the target is released. The choice of throwing machine is erratic. The athlete is allowed to fire two shots, but has only a couple of seconds to shoot before the target goes over the fence. The target is considered to be hit if the central white disk is completely separated and falls within the marked area. If only the wing of the target is broken, the process is repeated.
This term, also known colloquially as "Five Cars", refers to five traps located on the same platform. The Universal Trench is a variant of the international shooting discipline, the Olympic Trench. But unlike the Olympic Trench, major championships are usually open to individual shooters, as well as official teams, as long as the target number is not exceeded, allowing the amateur shooter to experience the atmosphere of large shooting competitions over wide areas.
It is a relatively new discipline in sport target shooting and is the product of a collaborative technology related to target launchers. There is only one automatic machine on the site, which provides a constant change in the angle and height of the targets. This feature provides a huge variety of targets for shooters, but the targets are thrown randomly. The main program of the competition is two days long and includes shooting at 200 targets.
The AVT has five shooting stations located on the same line at a distance of three meters from each other, which in turn are located 15 meters from the machine. The shooting line can be straight, as in the Olympic trap, or curved along a radius of 15 meters. The machine is installed above ground level.
The area shaped like a semicircle is used for the Round Stand by The American National Skeet Shooting Association (NSSA), but with a more obvious difference, station 8 is added in the center of the axis. Standard targets are used with traps mounted in such a way that the targets fly 55 m in calm weather. Targets are launched both from the "high" and "lower" buildings, passing the zone of the intersection point. A boundary mark is made - 40 m from each body of the throwing machine, i.e. limits are set within which the target must be hit.
For all versions of the Round Stand, the same main semicircular platform is provided. The axis of the semicircle is 36.8 m, on which two throwing machines are installed at both ends. On the left side, a "high booth" is installed with a throwing machine that launches targets from a height of 3.05 m; on the right side, a "low booth" is installed with a throwing machine located in such a way that the targets are launched from a height of 1.07 m. 50 - 52 m. Boundary markings are made at a distance of 40.2 m in front of each body of the throwing machine and determine the boundaries within which the targets must be considered hit. Around the semicircle at a distance of 8.13 m there are 7 shooting stations measuring 91x91 square meters. see, the first shooting station is next to the "high booth".
Five wooden shooting stations with bars are placed in one line at a distance of 3 m from the centers of each other, the numbers of the shooting stations are from 1 to 5. The size of the shooting stations (numbers) is 1.2 x 1.2 m, plus / minus 20 cm. Shooting numbers must be designed in such a way that they can only be entered from the rear, in front of the shooting station there is a limit bar at a maximum height of 60 cm. The board in front of the number indicates the shooting program for which the athlete must shoot from this station.
Four to five throwing machines should be installed on each site. They can be placed anywhere, provided that the location of the throwing machines and the trajectory of the targets do not pose a danger to both athletes and spectators. The compilers of the shooting program can use the whole set of standard and special targets (hares, batu, midi, etc.) of any color. The proportion of non-standard targets should not exceed 30% of the entire program.
Sports shooting has long been part of the program of the Olympic Games. Today it has improved significantly, has several types.
One of them is (Olympic view) - shooting shot from smoothbore guns at a moving target. In the 19th century, athletes used ordinary pigeons as targets. Then only the nobility could afford such entertainment, whose representatives fired at the birds, threw the birds out of special cages. That is why guns for such entertainment were called garden guns. A little later, instead of pigeons, they began to use glass balls and plates thrown out by a special spring, flying out of the throwing machine.
The most popular type of trap shooting is sporting - the athlete hits flying targets, as a rule, clay plates of bright orange color. They are also called "clay pigeons", a dove can be depicted on a plate, which recalls the history of the emergence of this sport. Sporting is popular with hunters as it requires a simplified shooting range and flying and rolling targets mimic game behavior.
The second type of sports shooting, which is directly related to pneumatic weapons, is bullet shooting . In this type of shooting, rifled weapons are used: pistols and air rifles, small and large-caliber weapons. Target - static and moving targets in the shooting range. Pneumatic exercises, as well as small-caliber pistol and rifle exercises are included in the Olympic Games.
Some types of sports shooting have appeared recently, for example, varminting which came from the USA. Athletes here use rifled weapons equipped with powerful optics and having a heavy barrel (to minimize barrel vibrations and, as a result, increase accuracy). The task of the shooter is to hit targets at long distances.
Despite the fact that the weapon is a very dangerous subject, accidents at competitions are practically excluded. That is why sports shooting in terms of its safety, it is often compared with chess.
Olympic disciplines of bullet shooting.
The program of the Olympic Games in shooting from air and small-caliber rifles includes the following five events - 2 events for women and 3 for men. Women's exercises are MV-5, VP-4, and men's exercises are MV-6, MV-9, VP-6. The pistol shooting program also includes 5 exercises. For women: MP-5, PP-2, and for men MP-6, MP-8 and PP-3 (the abbreviation "VP" means "air rifle", the abbreviation "PP" means "air pistol". "MV" - "small-caliber rifle", "MP" - small-caliber pistol, respectively).
There are two air rifle exercises in the Olympic Games program: VP-4 (for women) and VP-6 (for men). 
Exercise VP-4 is performed while standing. You need to hit a target located at a distance of 10 meters. Target number 8 is used as a target, which is a black circle with a diameter of 30.5 mm, a total diameter of 45.5 mm. In this case, the size of the "tens" is only 0.5 mm. For the entire exercise, the athlete has 40 shots and 4 test targets, the number of test shots can be any. The exercise must be completed in 1 hour and 15 minutes. The exercise for men VP-6 is completely similar to the women's one, only 60 shots and a time of 1 hour 45 minutes are given for it.
sports shooting- a sport in which athletes compete in shooting accuracy from different types of weapons.
The history of the emergence and development of sports shooting
Shooting is considered one of the oldest applied sports. It appeared in the distant times of bows and crossbows. In the middle of the XIV century, bows and crossbows evolved into firearms, after which bullet shooting began to develop actively.
In 1449, the first shooting societies began to appear in France, later they appeared in England and the USA.
In 1896, rifle and pistol shooting competitions were included in the program of the first Olympic Games in 1896, and from 1897 world championships in bullet shooting began to be held regularly.
Types of sports shooting
bullet shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting from pneumatic, small-caliber, large-caliber rifles and pistols. Bullet shooting is olympic view sports, in particular, the Olympic program includes 5 exercises for shooting from a rifle (MV-5, VP-4, MV-6, MV-9, VP-6) and the same number from a pistol (MP-5, PP-2, MP -6, MP-8, PP-3).
Abbreviations for the type of weapon:
VP- pneumatic rifle
MV- small caliber rifle
AB- standard large-caliber rifle
PV- random large-caliber rifle
PP- air gun
MP- small caliber pistol
RP- revolver-pistol of the central battle.
Exercises:
MV-5- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3 × 20 shots.
VP-4- Pneumatic rifle. 40 shots standing. Time 1 hour 15 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.
MV-6— Any small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 40 shots prone (1 hour 00 minutes), 40 standing (1 hour 30 minutes), 40 kneeling (1 hour 15 minutes). In each of the positions, an unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the performance of the test shots. The winner is determined by the sum of points scored in three positions.
MV-9— Any small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 20 shots prone, 20 standing, 20 kneeling. The total time for shooting from three positions is 2 hours 30 minutes. In each of the positions, an unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the performance of the test shots.
VP-6- Pneumatic rifle. Distance 10 m. Target No. 8. 60 shots standing. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.
MP-5- a standard (sports) small-caliber pistol (in the international classification, a pistol for the MP-5 exercise) is usually called a sports pistol, although this is the same pistol from which the MP-10 exercise is performed. Distance 25 m. The exercise is divided into two parts. The first - 30 shots - is carried out on a fixed target No. 4, the second - 30 shots - on an emerging target No. 5. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots at one target. In the first half, each series is completed in 6 minutes; in the second half in each series, the target appears 5 times for 3 seconds, during which the shooter fires one shot (pauses between the appearances of the target are 7 seconds). First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.
PP-2- shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 40 shots.
PP-3- shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 60 shots. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the start of record shots.
MP-6- an arbitrary small-caliber pistol. Distance 50 m. Target No. 4. 60 shots. Time 2 h 00 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.
MP-8- fast-firing small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 m. 5 simultaneously appearing targets No. 5. 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots; the shooter fires one shot at each of the five simultaneously appearing targets. The exercise is divided into 2 halves, each of which consists of two series of 8 s, two of 6 s, and two of 4 s. Before the start of test shooting in each half of the exercise, one trial series is performed for 8 s. First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.
The numbers in the abbreviations indicate the serial number of the exercise in the national sports classification for shooting.
Bench shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting at open shooting ranges. Shooting is carried out with shot from smoothbore guns at special targets-plates.
The Olympic Games include 3 disciplines of clay shooting:
- Round stand - athletes fire on skeet, moving from one shooting place to another (8 in total), as well as changing the angle of fire relative to the trajectories of outgoing targets.
- Trench stand - athletes fire at skeet thrown out of the trench in a random direction.
- Double-trap - the same as the trench stand, but the plates are thrown in pairs and the shooting is carried out in a doublet.
Practical shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, the purpose of which is the assimilation and development of techniques that most fully meet the various cases of the use of firearms.
Shooting skill is evaluated as a balance of three main components:
- Accuracy - points for hitting targets;
- Speed - time from the start signal to the last shot;
- Power - the use of weapons of greater power is rewarded with more points awarded for hitting scoring areas of targets, in addition, a minimum caliber and a minimum power factor are established.
The result is the sum of the scores for hitting all targets, including penalties, divided by the execution time.
Shooting from the bench (benchrest) is one of the types of shooting sports, the goal of the athletes is to make five (or ten) shots at the scoring target; the smaller the group size, the higher the shooter will place in the end of the competition. Shooting is carried out while sitting at a special table with the rifle set at point-blank range for shooting.
There are the following disciplines of shooting from the table:
- benchrest BR-50 - shooting from small-caliber devices;
- short benchrest - shooting at a distance of 100, 200 or 300 (meters or yards);
- benchrest Long Range - shooting at a distance: 500, 600, 1000 (meters or yards) and a mile.
Varminting- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting at long and ultra-long distances, mainly at rodents. It is allowed to use artificial targets imitating the silhouette of marmots.
sniping- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting from sniper weapons.
The shooting sport is one of the very first sports, which began with bow and crossbow shooting, and later became a firearms and pneumatic shooting competition.
In Russia, shooting disciplines began to develop at the end of the 20th century and gained extraordinary popularity, since the love for shooting is manifested in childhood when kids imitate shooting from toy guns and pistols, playing "war".
Such a type as bullet shooting has its own specifics. Shooting competitions with firearms and pneumatics are not based on the principle of "Faster, higher, stronger." Here the muscles work differently than in other disciplines. The main load on the muscles occurs at the moment of the static state of the shooter's body, when it is necessary to fix the most optimal position for an accurate shot. The participant must show stability and the ability to maintain a static position for a long time when shooting. The shooter here uses the so-called muscle memory. It is worth noting that during one such exercise a person loses about 3 kg in weight. Also, shooting competitions have their own sprint distances and marathons.
In addition to physical data, bullet shooting implies that the shooter also has high moral qualities. It is also necessary to be able to control your emotions in order to act quickly and correctly in unexpected situations, qualities such as determination and endurance are also very important. Before the shot, the participant of the competition, as it were, disconnects from everything that surrounds him, and focuses on the target. He must be able to abstract, control his thoughts so that nothing could distract him at this crucial moment.
Clay shooting originated from hunting competitions that took place in medieval England. Then the birds served as targets, namely pigeons, which were thrown up for shelling. These rules were in effect for a very long time, and even during the first Olympic Games, shooters fired at live birds. Later, the birds were replaced by the current targets, today they are often called "clay pigeons". By the way, in the future it is expected to replace the plates with environmentally friendly items.
Shooting Rules
Gun shooting is divided into bullet and bench shooting. Both types of shooting sports are among the oldest disciplines since 1896 . In addition, archery also belongs to the Olympic disciplines. In bullet shooting, world championships have been held since 1897.
Bullet shooting can take place both indoors and outdoors. If the competition takes place in a shooting range, then special sights and light filters are selected that are suitable for shooting in this room, depending on the lighting. When changing the nature of the illumination, the shooter must quickly correlate his actions. If the competition is held at a shooting range, then conditions such as wind, air temperature, etc. must be taken into account.
Shotgun shooting involves firing shotguns at targets with shotgun shells. The targets are cymbals, which, when well-aimed hit, break. Such plates are made from bituminous sand and cement.
Shotgun targets are dynamic and shooters must have good reflexes and marksmanship to hit the target. Shooting is carried out from firearms with a maximum of 12 gauge. The shooter must also have an absolute sense of dynamics and balance in order to catch the movements of a target flying in a straight line or arc.
Shooting at the Olympics
Today Olympic program includes a round stand, a trench stand and a double-trap as varieties of clay shooting.
On account of the archers of the Russian national team, seven of which have a golden tint. At the moment, the most titled Olympian is, who has one gold and two silver medals.
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