Basketball Is a team sport of basketball. Basketball today is Olympic view sports played all over the world and the popularity of this game is among the world's top 10 sports. The game is played by two teams.
The goal of each team is to throw a basketball into the opponent's hoop as many times as possible and at the same time prevent the opponent from taking possession of the ball and throwing it into their basket.
The height of the basket (basketball hoop) is 3.05 meters from the court. For each ball thrown from a different distance, a different number of points is awarded.
From the middle and close range - 2 points, for throwing the ball from a long distance, the team gets 3 points, and the team gets 1 point from the free kick. The basketball court has the following dimensions: width 15 meters, length 28 meters.
BASKETBALL HISTORY
Basketball was invented by physical education teacher James Naismith. Naismith wanted to come up with a game for his students, who endlessly performed various physical exercise... Naismith was tasked with creating a game that eliminated brute force. And so, in 1861, he hung two baskets in front of his students and divided everyone present into two teams. He explained the meaning of the game as follows: Each team must throw the ball into the opponent's basket as many times as possible. From that moment on, the amazing and exciting history of the world-beloved sport began.
Of course, at that time there were no special rings that are now used in basketball. Instead, regular baskets were used. The ball was used for football. The score in the game was similar to that of a football, and only one player scored in the game, who got into the basket once. Naismith's students would go home for the holidays and tell their friends about the new game. Thus, the popularity of the game spread at a tremendous rate. ... And after only one year, this game was already played in all the United States of America.
At that time, the game was not very spectacular, since the technique of dribbling had not yet been invented. The players tossed the ball to each other while standing still, and then tried to throw the ball into the basket.
Most of the games ended with a score of up to 20 points. Naismith tried to develop his game all the time, coming up with different rules. He then deduced five basic principles of basketball:
1) To play you need a large and light ball, but at the same time it should easily fit into your hand
2) Running with the ball is prohibited
3) Any player can own the ball
4) Crowds of players are allowed in any part of the court, but physical contact is prohibited
5) The ring must be at a high distance from the players.
The first official basketball games have been held since 1896. Even then, teams tried to make money on their matches by selling tickets to spectators. The very first unification of teams took place in 1898 and did not last so long, only five years, as it split into several separate leagues.
At that time, players could conclude contracts for each individual game. An outstanding player could have played for every team in a championship in one season. For each game, the players received large enough sums that allowed them to live comfortably.
After a while, innovations came to basketball. The new rules concerned baskets with a ball and a basketball backboard. We came to the conclusion that it is easier to get into the basket from a rebound. In order not to get the ball from the basket every time using a ladder, you need to cut out the bottom.
Due to the Great Depression in 1931, the basketball championships ceased, but basketball continued to live. The impetus was unexpected developments in universities and colleges.
A new step in the development of basketball was the introduction of this game into the map of the Olympic Games and the emergence of the International Basketball Association (FIBA). Since then, there have been various innovations in the game, which added both entertainment and dynamism. One of the striking examples is the innovation that dealt with the cancellation of the throw-in of the ball after each capture of the basket. The entertainment was added by the invention of one of the athletes of the student games, who showed a throw on the ring with one hand. In the future, a significant gap comes in the development of basketball, since the United States entered the Second World War.
1946 is a landmark year for basketball. This year the National Basketball Association (NBA) was born. The first five seasons in the NBA there was only one leader - the Lakers team, and only in 1951 the undisputed leader was able to defeat the Rochester Royals. In 1950, the first basketball world championship was played. The teams from Argentina became the winner.
HISTORY OF BASKETBALL IN RUSSIA
Basketball appeared in Russia only in 1901 and they learned about him from George Dupperon. George Dupperon was an ardent propagandist physical culture and sports, who lived in St. Petersburg. Already in 1906, the first matches were held among the teams.
In the USSR, basketball has received tremendous development. Since 1947, the All-Union Basketball Section has been accredited in all international competitions held by FIBA. The Soviet basketball school advocated the offensive nature of the game. Individual skill, team coherence - all this allowed him to win his first European Championship in 1947.
Today basketball is both a colossal commercial project and a national sport. Every year, the number of countries participating in international competitions increases, the number of Leagues held in countries increases, and thus a complete world globalization of basketball is carried out.
Basketball- sports team ball game, which is included in the program of the Olympic Games. The etymology of the game came from the addition of two English words basket "basket" and ball "ball".
The goal of each team is to throw the ball into the opponent's basket as many times as possible in the allotted time. A hanging basket is called at 3.05 m ring with mesh at the bottom. Hits are scored based on the position that the player takes on the field during the throw.
A brief history of basketball's origins
It is believed that basketball originated many centuries ago.
Invention: who invented modern sport, where it first originated
The ancestor of modern basketball is the ritual game indians of the mayan tribe- "pitz", now known as "ulama".
On the territory of Mexico, archaeologists have discovered the first rubber balls, weighing several kilograms, which were invented in 2500 BC e. Only in the territory of modern Guatemala was found 500 pitches.
The game not only depicted the ritual battle between the gods in the sky, but also served to settle disputes between communities.
The essence of the competition was that it was necessary to throw the ball into the ring located on the podium 10 meters high without using your hands, pushing it with your head, hips, elbows and legs. The number of players in the team varied from 2 to 5. The ring was located vertically on the sides of the field. The team won that first hit the ring... We could say that the pitz was a mixture of football and basketball.
Attention! It is believed that in some cases the captain, and sometimes the entire losing team at the time, lost their heads.
The inventor of modern basketball is called James Naismith (1861-1939), who taught physical education to students at the Springfield School of Christian Workers in Massachusetts.
Photo 1. The creator of modern basketball, James Naismith. The inventor holds one of the first basketballs in his hands.
The game was invented due to the need to diversify the winter pastime of their wards... Students broke into two groups and pursued the goal of throwing the ball into a fruit basket with a bottom, attached to the wall.
Reference. A number of researchers believe that Naismith was inspired by children's play. "Duck on a rock", in which you have to hit with a small pebble on top of a larger stone.
First basketball game
In 1892 the first match of the teams consisting of out of 9 players ending with the score 1:0. The popularity of the new dynamic game was rapidly gaining momentum. Due to the rapid development and the increasing incidence of foul play, Naismith was forced to develop the first rules.
James Naismith's first 13 basketball rules:
- The ball can be thrown in any direction with one hand.
- By ball you can't punch.
- By ball can be hit with one or two hands.
- Hold the ball with your hands, the use of the body and forearms is prohibited.
- The player can only run with the ball at speed otherwise he must pass or throw the ball into the basket.
- You cannot push, grab, hold and beat the enemy. The violation is called a foul, on the second foul the player is disqualified.
- Three opponent fouls count as a goal for the other side.
- If the ball becomes lodged in the basket, it counts as a goal. while defending players are prohibited from kicking the ball or touching the basket.
- When offside, the ball is put into play by the first touching player, 5 seconds are given for the throw-in if the player holds it longer, the ball goes to the opponent.
- The referee monitors the actions of the players and fouls; he has the power to remove players.
- The referee determines the position of the ball(in play, out) and which side should have the ball.
- The game consists of two halves of 15 minutes with a break of 5 minutes.
- Team that scored more balls, is considered the winner.
Modern rules have undergone a number of changes, for example:
- 4 halves of 10 minutes, intermittently - 2 minutes after the first and before the last round and 15 minutes between the second and third round.
- With a ball you can run, throw with both hands and help him in flight.
- Allowed 5 fouls and player replacement.
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Development and formation
The first matches revealed the shortcomings of the new game and brought about practical changes: the bottom of the basket is cut out, shields appear to protect the basket, after a few years the baskets themselves are replaced with an iron ring with a net.
In parallel with men's basketball, women's basketball was also developing, the first rules of which were invented by Senda Berenson in 1892... Despite the long practice of various competitions, women's basketball entered the Olympic program only in 1976
What year did professional leagues appear?
In the early stages, basketball spontaneously spread in educational institutions in the United States and Canada.
In 1898 in the USA created the first professional National Basketball League that lasted 5 years, and then split into several independent leagues.
Basketball spreads from America to the East (Japan, China), and then to Europe and South American countries.
After World War I the Amateur Sports Union and the National Collegiate Sports Association have been organizing and directing the games in America. In the 20s national federations are beginning to be actively created.
Important! The contracts with the players were not concluded for the season, as at present, but for the game. The player's bet was 1 dollar per minute, which was considered a very impressive amount.
American Basketball League established in 1925, which united all the teams of the North-East of America. Late 20s - early 30s in the United States, almost all basketball competitions were canceled due to the Great Depression.
The creation of the International Basketball Federation becomes a milestone in the development of sports in 1932 (FIBA). In 1936 g. by decision of the Olympic Committee under the auspices of FIBA, the first Olympic Games are held in Berlin.
In the 40s in connection with the outbreak of World War II, basketball, like other sports, fades into the background. The inexhaustible interest in sports during the difficult years for the United States was supported by the rapid development of the student league.
Reference. The guest of honor of the first games is their creator James Naismith, in whose honor in 1959... will be named the Basketball Hall of Fame, commemorating the brightest players, best matches and memorable moments of the game.
The emergence of the NBA
National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed in 1946 through the merger of two organizations: National Basketball League; and the Basketball Association of America.
She is one of the leading and most influential men's professional leagues in North America to this day, which includes 30 teams.
The most awarded club in the league - Boston Celtics on whose account 17 wins... Follow him Los Angeles Lakers and Chicago Bulls.
Association with ABA
In parallel with the first NBA tournaments, it is developing American Basketball Association (ABA), uniting under its wing 11 teams. Unable to withstand the competition with the NBA, the association falls apart 3 years later, and the teams are adjacent to the winner.
Important! The ABA went down in history because at its championships a three-point shot was scored for the first time - an accurate throw made from behind the arc (at a distance 724 cm from the ring).
The history of the creation of domestic basketball
Basketball also actively developed in the vastness of our country.
The emergence
The first mention of basketball in Russia falls on for 1901 and belongs to the founder Russian football George Duperron... The first games in a new sport are being held in the St. Petersburg society for physical and moral education of youth "Mayak", based on a donation from an American James Stokes.
In 1906 g. the first team was founded on the basis of Mayak. In 1909... the first "international" match is held, with the participation of an American team hastily cobbled together from the Christian missionaries who arrived on the ship.
The best of 6 teams the Lilov team, led by the pioneer of Russian basketball, was recognized Stepan Vasilievich Vasiliev.
By 1910 basketball begins to take root in the largest society physical education of that time "Bogatyr", thanks to which it began to spread to other cities of the empire.
In 1913 g. the first rules of the game, then called "the ball in the basket", were published.
Distribution of the game
After the October Revolution the new sport is gaining all-Union recognition. In 1920 basketball was introduced as a separate discipline in educational institutions and the Soviet basketball school began to form. In 1923 g. the first national championship was held in Moscow Methodical developments and the rules of the Soviet school largely coincided with the international ones.
Reference. TO 1941 year... in the USSR there were about 82 thousand basketball players.
In 1947 g. the Soviet section joins the International Basketball Federation and begins to participate in international competitions. Both the men's and women's teams have been showing high results for many years, taking prizes in Olympic Games and World and European Championships.
After the collapse of the USSR, a restructuring of Russian basketball took place. In 1991 established Russian Basketball Federation (RBF).
Photo 2. Modern logo Russian Federation Basketball. The organization was founded in 1991.
Since 1992 the Russian Basketball Championship for women and men is held. By 1995 Super League was created, which includes six leading men's teams.
In 2015 due to scandals related to the Federation, all Russian teams were barred from participating in international competitions. Interest and level basketball teams has fallen sharply in the last decade. At the moment, the Russian team is unable to pass the barrier of the qualifying round of the competition.
The history of basketball among veterans
Maxibasketball Movement - Competitions played by athletes over 30 years old- has its roots in Buenos Aires, where in 1969 the first games of the veterans were held. In the same place in 1991 the first World Basketball Championship among veterans took place. In 1992 in Argentina was formed International Federation maxibasketball (FIMBA). Now the federation includes 40 countries, including Russia.
Competitions are held in different age categories for men and women from 30 years old, with a step of each category for 5 years... For male athletes, additional categories are provided: 65 +, 70 + and 75+.
Photo 3. A basketball game among male veterans. Athletes who are over fifty years old are playing.
Dr. James Naismith is known throughout the world as the inventor of basketball. He was born in 1861 in Ramsay, a town near Almonte, Ontario, Canada ... James Naismith; (November 6, 1861 - November 28, 1939) - is the author of basketball. Naismith worked as a physical education teacher at the Springfield International Training School in the United States. In search of an increase in the physical activity of students in the winter, he came up with a similar ball game in the hall.
Basketball is perhaps the only popular sport, the date and place of origin of which are known for certain. More than a dozen books have been written about this significant event, often with fictitious details telling about the first steps of this future addiction of millions. And nevertheless, it makes sense, at least schematically, to outline the main points of the formation and development of basketball, an artificially visual game that has managed to win the hearts of fans all over the world in a matter of decades, which in itself seems to be an unprecedented phenomenon. Already, as a physical education teacher, professor at the College in Springfeld, James Naismith was faced with the challenge of creating a game for the Massachusetts winter, the period between basketball and football. Naismith believed that due to the weather at this time of year, the best solution would be to reinvent the indoor game. Naismith wanted to create an action-packed game for the students of the Christian Workers' School that would involve more than just power. He needed a game that could be indoors in a relatively small space. And so, in December 1891, James Naismith presented his unnamed invention to his gymnastics class in Springfield (YMCA). In less than an hour, James Naismith, sitting at his desk in his office at the YMCA, formulated thirteen rules of basketball.
- A) The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
- B) The ball can be hit with one or two hands in any direction, but not with a fist.
- C) The player cannot run with the ball. A player must pass or throw the ball into the basket from the point at which he caught it, except for a player running at good speed.
- C) In any case, strikes, captures, holding and pushing the opponent are not allowed. The first violation of this rule by any player shall be called a foul (foul play); a second foul will disqualify him until the next goal has been scored and, if there was clear intent to injure a player, for the entire game. No substitution is allowed.
- D) hitting the ball with a fist - violation of paragraphs 2 and 4, the punishment is described in paragraph 5.
- E) If one of the sides commits three fouls in a row, they must be called a goal for the opponents (this means that during this time the opponents must not commit a single foul).
- E) A goal is awarded - if a ball thrown or bounced off the floor enters the basket and remains there. Defending players are not allowed to touch the ball or the basket when they are thrown. If the ball touches the edge and the opponents move the basket, a goal is scored.
- G) If the ball goes on the attack (out of bounds), then it must be thrown into the field and the first player to touch it. In the event of a dispute, the referee must throw the ball into the field. The thrower is allowed to hold the ball for five seconds. If he holds it longer, then the ball is given to the opponent. If either side is trying to stall for time, the referee must give them a foul.
- H) The referee must monitor the actions of the players and the fouls, and also notify the referee about three fouls committed in a row. He is vested with the power to disqualify players under Law 5.
- I) The Referee must follow the ball and determine when the ball is in play (within the court) and when it goes out-of-bounds (outside the court), which side should have the ball, and also control the time. He must determine the position of the goal, keep a record of the goals scored, and also perform any actions that are usually performed by the referee.
- K) The game consists of two halves of 15 minutes each with a break of five minutes between them.
- K) The side with the most goals in this time period is the winner.
James Naismith was born on November 6, 1861, in the village of Ramsey, Canada. Since childhood, the boy was fond of sports, especially game types. During his studies at the University of Montreal, he played mainly a variety of football: European and Canadian. Among the predecessors of basketball, the children's game “duck on a rock,” with which James was very familiar, is often called common in the 19th century in some countries. The meaning of the game: by throwing a small stone, the player must hit the top of another, larger stone with it.
It was at the moment of playing "duck on a rock" in the head of young Naismith that the "concept of basketball" was born in general terms. The game finally matured when James began teaching anatomy and physical education at the YMCA International Youth Training College in Springfield.
Naismith noticed that winter gymnastics in the gym seemed monotonous to students, and decided to keep them busy with some new agile game of agility and coordination that could be done indoors. At different ends of the sports hall, to the balcony that encircled it around the perimeter, I attached two baskets, in English “basket”, hence the name of the new fruit game. The height from the floor to the edge of the balcony turned out to be 3 m 5 cm, hence the standard that is maintained to this day on all basketball courts in the world. The students were required to hit the basket with the ball. This is how the well-known and popular sports game appeared: basketball. It happened December 1, 1891.
The first officially registered basketball match took place December 21, 1891... It was not quite usual for us. So, in teams Naismith played 9 people. The trainer simply divided his group of students equally. The game was played with a soccer ball.
News of a new sports game flew all over America, and soon many letters began to arrive at the college where Naismith taught, the authors of which asked to send them the rules of the game. James Naismith January 15, 1892 first published the rules of basketball in the newspaper Triangle, published at Springfield College. In the same year, the first Book of Basketball Rules was published, containing 13 points, many of which are still valid today.
The tremendous popularity of the game he invented is evidenced by the fact that already in 1904 the first demonstration game was demonstrated to the public at the Olympics. A large-scale basketball tournament took place during the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, which was attended by the game's creator himself.
James Naismith passed away November 28, 1939 in the American city of Lawrence, surrounded by five children and many grandchildren.
Memory of James Naismith
Corday Award - Morgana
The Basketball Hall of Fame, which includes the players, teams, coaches and functionaries who have contributed to the development of basketball, is named after James Naismith.
| James Naismith | |
|---|---|
| James naismith | |
| Date of Birth | 6 November(1861-11-06 ) |
| Place of Birth |
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| Date of death | November 28(1939-11-28 ) (78 years old) |
| A place of death |
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| The country | |
| Occupation | inventor, basketball coach, Writer, cleric, doctor |
| Awards and prizes | |
| Media files at Wikimedia Commons | |
Naismith worked as a physical education teacher at the Springfield International Training School in the United States. In search of an increase in the physical activity of students in the winter, he came up with a similar ball game in the hall.
Education
Naismith was born in 1861 in Ramsay Township, which later became part of Olmont, Ontario, now Mississippi Mills. Graduated from Almonte High School in 1883.
The first officially recorded basketball game took place in December 1891. It was not quite usual for us. So, in Naismith's teams there were 9 people each (the doctor simply divided the group of his students equally), and they played with a soccer ball.
The news of a new sports game spread throughout America, and soon the college where Naismith taught began to receive many letters, the authors of which asked for the rules of the game.
On January 15, 1892, James Naismith first published the rules of basketball in the Springfield College newspaper Triangle. In 1892, the first Book of Basketball Rules was published, containing 13 points, many of which are still valid today. Although in some ways the "rules of Naismith" differ from modern ones.
