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The history of the emergence of the game volleyball is brief. Report on the topic "Volleyball

The history of the emergence of the game volleyball is brief. Report on the topic "Volleyball

27.09.2021

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Volleyball history

Introduction

volleyball game sport

Volleyball (English volleyball from volley - "to hit the ball in flight" (also translated as "flying", "soaring") and ball - "ball") - a kind of sport, team sport game, during which two teams compete on a special area, separated by a net, trying to direct the ball to the opponent's side in such a way that it lands on the opponent's court (hitting the floor), or a player of the defending team made a mistake. At the same time, to organize an attack, players of one team are allowed no more than three touches of the ball in a row (in addition to touching on the block).

The central body of volleyball as an international sport that defines the FIVB rules is the International Volleyball Federation. Volleyball has been an Olympic sport since 1964.

Volleyball is a non-contact, combination sport where each player has a strict specialization on the court. The most important qualities for volleyball players are jumping ability to get high above the net, reaction, coordination, physical strength for effective attacking strikes.

For volleyball fans, it is a common entertainment and a way of rest due to the simplicity of the rules and the availability of equipment.

There are numerous variants of volleyball, branching from the main type - beach volleyball (Olympic type since 1996), mini-volleyball, pioneerball, park volleyball (approved by the FIVB Congress in November 1998 in Tokyo).

1. The origin of modern volleyball

Some are inclined to consider the founder of volleyball American Halsted from Springfield, who in 1866 began to promote the game of "flying ball", which he called volleyball. Let's try to follow the development of the ancestor of volleyball.

Preserved, for example, the chronicles of the Roman chroniclers of the 3rd century BC. They describe a game in which the ball was hit with fists. The rules described by historians in 1500 have survived to our time. The game was then called "Faustball". Two teams of 3-6 players competed on an area of 90x20 meters, separated by a low stone wall. Players of one team tried to kick the ball over the wall to the side of the opponents.

The inventor of volleyball is William J. Morgan, a physical education teacher at the College of the Young Christian Association in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA. On February 9, 1895, in the gym, he hung a tennis net at a height of 197 cm, and his students, whose number was not limited on the site, began to throw a basketball camera over it. Morgan called the new game Mintonet. A year later, the game was shown at a conference of the colleges of the Young Christian Association in Springfield and, at the suggestion of Professor Alfred T. Halsted, was given a new name - "volleyball". In 1916, the first volleyball rules were published.

The main rules of the game formed in 1915-25. In the countries of America, Africa, Europe, volleyball was practiced with six players on the court, in Asia - with nine or twelve players on the 11x22 m court without changing positions by the players during the match.

In 1922, the first nationwide competition was held - the YMCA Championship was held in Brooklyn with the participation of 23 men's teams. In the same year, the Basketball and Volleyball Federation of Czechoslovakia was formed - the world's first sports volleyball organization. In the second half of the 1920s, the national federations of Bulgaria, the USSR, the USA and Japan emerged. In the same period, the main techniques were formed - serving, passing, attacking hit and block. On their basis, the tactics of command actions arise. In the 1930s, the group block and insurance appeared, attacking and deceiving strikes varied. In 1936, at the Congress of the International Handball Federation, held in Stockholm, the Polish delegation came up with an initiative to organize a volleyball technical committee as part of the handball federation. A commission was formed, which included 13 European countries, 5 American countries and 4 Asian countries. The members of this commission adopted the American rules as the main ones with minor changes: measurements were taken in metric proportions, the ball could be touched with the whole body above the waist, after touching the ball on the block, the player was prohibited from touching again in a row, the height of the net for women was 224 cm, the serving area was strictly limited.

2. Post-war history

After the end of World War II (1939-1945), international contacts began to expand. On April 18-20, 1947, the first congress of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) was held in Paris with the participation of representatives of 14 countries: Belgium, Brazil, Hungary, Egypt, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, USA, Uruguay, France, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia , who became the first official members of the FIVB. In 1949, the first world championship among men's teams took place in Prague. In 1951, at the congress in Marseille, the FIVB approved the official international rules, and an arbitration commission and a commission to develop and improve the rules of the game were formed within it. The first president of the FIVB was the French architect Paul Libo, who was subsequently re-elected to this post several times until 1984. In 1957, at the 53rd session of the International Olympic Committee, volleyball was declared an Olympic sport; at the 58th session, it was decided to hold volleyball competitions among men's and women's national teams at Games XVIII Tokyo Olympics. After the Tokyo Olympics, a significant change was made to the rules of the game - blockers were allowed to move their hands over the net to the opponent's side and touch the ball again after blocking.

3. 1980s. New rules

In 1984, Paul Libo was succeeded as President of the FIVB by Dr. Ruben Acosta, a lawyer from Mexico. At the initiative of Ruben Acosta, numerous changes were made to the rules of the game, aimed at increasing the entertainment of the competition. The day before Olympic Games-1988 in Seoul, the 21st FIVB Congress was held, at which changes in the regulations of the decisive fifth game were adopted: now it should be played according to the rally-point system (rally-point). Since 1998, this scoring system applies to the entire match, in the same year the role of the libero appeared.

In the early 1980s, the jump serve appeared and the lateral serve almost ceased to be used, the frequency of attacking strikes from the back line increased, there were changes in the methods of receiving the ball - the previously unpopular reception from below became dominant, and the reception from above with a fall almost disappeared. The playing functions of volleyball players have narrowed: for example, if earlier all six players were involved in a technique, then since the 1980s, the implementation of this element has become the responsibility of two additional players.

The game has become more powerful and faster. Volleyball has increased the demands on the height and athletic training of athletes. If in the 1970s the team might not have a single player taller than 2 meters, then everything has changed since the 1990s. In high-class teams below 195-200 cm, usually only a binder and a libero.

Since 1990, the World Volleyball League has been played, an annual cycle of competitions designed to increase the popularity of this sport around the world. Since 1993, a similar competition for women has been held - the Grand Prix.

4. State of the art

Since 2006, the FIVB unites 220 national volleyball federations, volleyball is one of the most popular sports on earth. In August 2008, Chinese Wei Jizhong was elected as the new FIVB President.

Volleyball is most developed as a sport in such countries as Russia, Brazil, China, Italy, USA, Japan, Poland. Reigning champion the world among men is the Brazilian national team (2006), among women - the Russian national team (2006).

5. Development of volleyball in Russia

As noted by the publication "All About Sport" (1978), volleyball was born overseas, but at first it was a stepson on the American continent. “Our country has become his true homeland. It was in the Soviet Union that volleyball acquired its remarkable qualities. He became athletic, fast, agile as we know him today. "

The pre-war volleyball in the USSR was jokingly called "the game of actors". Indeed, in Moscow, the first volleyball courts appeared in the courtyards of theaters - Meyerhold, Kamerny, Revolution, Vakhtangov. On July 28, 1923, the first official match took place on Myasnitskaya Street, in which the teams of the Higher Artistic Theater Workshops (VKHUTEMAS) and the State School of Cinematography (GSHK) met. The chronology of our volleyball is from this meeting. The pioneers of the new sport were the masters of arts, the future People's Artists of the USSR Nikolai Bogolyubov, Boris Shchukin, Anatoly Ktorov and Rina Zelenaya, the future famous artists Georgy Nissky and Yakov Romas. The level of skill of the actors at that time was not inferior to the sports one - the club "Rabis" (the trade union of art workers) beat the team of the sports society "Dynamo" (Moscow).

In January 1925, the Moscow Council of Physical Education developed and approved the first official rules for volleyball competitions. According to these rules, Moscow championships have been regularly held since 1927. An important event in the development of volleyball in our country was the championship held during the first All-Union Spartakiad in 1928 in Moscow. It was attended by men's and women's teams from Moscow, Ukraine, the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia, the Far East. In the same year, a permanent panel of judges was created in Moscow.

For the development of volleyball, the mass competitions held on the grounds of parks of culture and recreation in many cities of the USSR were of great importance. These games became a good school for foreign guests - in the early 30s in Germany, the rules of the competition were published under the name "Volleyball - the Russian national game."

In the spring of 1932 at the All-Union Council physical culture The USSR created a volleyball section. In 1933, during a session of the Central Executive Committee on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater, an exhibition match between the national teams of Moscow and Dnepropetrovsk was played in front of the leaders of the ruling party and the government of the USSR. And a year later, the championships of the Soviet Union, officially called the "All-Union Volleyball Holiday", are regularly held. Having become the leaders of national volleyball, Moscow athletes were honored to represent it on the international arena when Afghan athletes were guests and rivals in 1935. Despite the fact that the games were played according to Asian rules, the Soviet volleyball players won a landslide victory - 2: 0 (22: 1, 22: 2).

During the Great Patriotic War, volleyball continued to be cultivated in military units. Already in 1943, volleyball courts in the rear began to come to life. Since 1945, the USSR championships have been resumed, volleyball in our country is becoming one of the most popular sports. The number of people involved in volleyball was estimated at 5-6 million (and according to some sources, several times more). As legendary coach Vyacheslav Platonov notes in his book Equation with Six Knowns, “those days, those years cannot be imagined without volleyball. A ball flying through a net stretched between two poles (trees, racks) had a magical influence on adolescents, on young men and women, on brave warriors who returned from the battlefields, on those who were drawn to each other. And then everyone was drawn to each other. " Volleyball was played in courtyards, parks, stadiums, on the beaches ... Together with amateurs, the recognized masters - Anatoly Chinilin, Anatoly Eingorn, Vladimir Ulyanov - did not hesitate to go to the net. Thanks to this massiveness, schoolchildren who first took the ball in their hands quickly grew into real stars of Soviet and world volleyball.

Competitions for the USSR championship were held exclusively in open areas, most often after football matches in the vicinity of stadiums, and the largest competitions, such as the 1952 World Cup, in the same stadiums with crowded stands.

In 1947, Soviet volleyball players entered the international arena. At the first World Youth Festival in Prague, a volleyball tournament was held, in which the Leningrad national team took part, reinforced, as was customary at the time, by Muscovites. The team was led by legendary coaches Alexei Baryshnikov and Anatoly Chinilin. Our athletes won 5 matches with a score of 2: 0, and only the last 2: 1 (13:15, 15:10, 15: 7) against the hosts, the national team of Czechoslovakia. The first “women's” trip took place in 1948 - the capital team “Lokomotiv” went to Poland, supplemented by colleagues from Moscow “Dynamo” and “Spartak” and Leningrad Spartak players. In the same 1948, the All-Union Volleyball Section became a member of the International Volleyball Federation (and not American, but our rules of the game formed the basis of international ones), and in 1949 our players took part in official international competitions for the first time. The debut turned out to be "golden" - the USSR women's team won the title of European champions, and the men's team won the world championship. In 1959, the USSR Volleyball Federation was formed.

Our men's team also became the first Olympic champion in Tokyo-1964. She also won the Olympics in Mexico City (1968) and Moscow (1980). And the women's team won the title of Olympic champions four times (1968, 1972, 1980 and 1988).

Soviet volleyball players - 6 times world champions, 12 times Europe, 4 times World Cup winners. The women's team of the USSR won 5 times at the world championships, 13 - in Europe, 1 - in the World Cup.

The All-Russian Volleyball Federation (VFV) was founded in 1991. Federation President - Nikolay Patrushev. The Russian men's team is the winner of the 1999 World Cup and 2002 World League. The women's team won the 2006 World Championships, European Championships (1993, 1997, 1999, 2001), Grand Prix (1997, 1999, 2002), 1997 World Champions Cup.

Under the auspices of the FIVB

The Olympic Games are held every 4 years. The World Championship is also held every 4 years. The World Champions Cup is held every 4 years. The World League is held once a year. The Grand Prix will be held once a year. Under the auspices of the CEV, the European Championship is held every 2 years.

6. Outstanding volleyball players

The largest number of medals in the history of volleyball at the Olympic Games was won by Karch Kirai (USA) - 2 gold medals in classic volleyball and one in beach volleyball. Among women, this is the Soviet volleyball player Inna Ryskal (USSR), who won 2 gold and 2 silver medals at 4 Olympiads in 1964-1976.

Georgy Mondzolevsky (USSR)

Lyudmila Buldakova (USSR)

Vyacheslav Zaitsev (USSR)

Andrea Giani (Italy)

Giba (Gilberto Godoy Filho) (Brazil)

Ekaterina Gamova (Russia)

7. Varieties of volleyball

Beach volleyball... There is also another type of game - beach volleyball (sand volleyball, beach volleyball). In the twenties and thirties, volleyball on the sand was played in Bulgaria, Latvia, the USSR, the USA, France, and Czechoslovakia. Beachwill with two players on the court appeared in the United States in 1930. At the end of the twentieth century, beachwill became very widespread in the world and in 1993 at the IOC session in Monte Carlo it was recognized as an Olympic sport.

The current FIVB official calendar includes the following scourge-willed competitions: tournaments in the Summer Olympics program (since 1996), World Championships (since 1987 for men, since 1992 for women) and the World Tour (since 1989). for men, since 1993 for women), the stages (tournaments) of which are held in different countries during the season.

In the USSR, the first official scourge-will competition was held in 1986. In 1989, the Moscow Cup was played and in the same year, the USSR Cup for men was played for the first time. In 1989 volleyball players of the USSR made their debut in the World Championship and in the World Tour.

The first Russian championship in whipwill was held in 1993 and in the same year our volleyball players took part in the first European championship. Russian women's teams competed for the first time at the European Championships in 1994, and a year later they made their debut in the World Tour.

Now the WWF calendar by whip-will includes: the championship of Russia (since 1995 it has been held as a national series with stages in different cities), the championship of Russia among girls, boys and veterans.

Varieties of volleyball. There are many varieties of classic volleyball. First of all, this is beach volleyball, included in the program of the Olympic Games.

Mini volleyball. A game for children up to 14 years old. Included in the school curriculum of many countries, including Russia. Mini-volleyball appeared in 1961 in the GDR. Its rules were officially approved in 1972. There are two levels: mini-3 and mini-4. Each team has three (four) players plus two substitutes. Both boys and girls can play for a team at the same time, but their ratio in the opposing teams should be the same. The game is played on a 6x4.5 (6x6) m court, divided in half by a net at a height of 2.15 (2.05) m. Ball weight: 210-230 grams, circumference: 61-63 cm. The game is played up to 15 points. When the score is 14:14, they play until the advantage of one of the teams is two points or until it gains 17 points. To win a match, you need to win two games. Quite often the game of mini-volleyball is on time. (Mini-volleyball has an antipode game: giant volleyball. The number of players in a team reaches up to a hundred people, and the court itself is only twice the size of a regular one. They play a light ball in a tarpaulin tire with a diameter of 80 cm, the number of strokes is not limited.)

Pioneerball. Its main technical difference from classic volleyball is that the ball is picked up during the game. Accordingly, the serve, the pass to the partner and the transfer of the ball to the opponent's side is carried out not with a blow, but with a throw. The match consists of three parties, the game is played up to 15 points. The team that wins in two games wins. Pioneerball is included in the physical training program of secondary schools and is a preparatory stage in mastering the basics of not only volleyball, but also basketball. Pioneerball competitions are held in different cities of Russia.

Wallyball (English "wallyball", from "wall" - a wall) was invented in 1979 by the American Joe Garcia. Two teams of two, three or four people play. The use of the side walls of the gym is allowed. The game is played up to 15, 18 or 21 points (but the difference in the score must be at least 2 points). Among volleyball players there are many representatives of classic volleyball, including members of the US Olympic team Paul Sunderland and Rita Crockett, and famous people from the world of politics and show business, including US President George W. Bush. In the early 1980s, businessman Mike O "Hara (formerly a member of the US Olympic team) founded Wolliball International Inc. (WII), which took over the organization of regional and international tournaments in the country. In 1989, several members of the WII Executive Committee, disagreeing with the policy of O "Hara, created the American Volleyball Association. The Association has hosted a number of alternative events in the United States and international tournaments in various countries. Currently, both organizations are practically dormant. In November 2001, through the efforts of the inventor of volleyball, the non-profit United Association of Volleyball Players was formed. Garcia intends to revive the former interest in his brainchild and achieve its recognition as an Olympic sport. Now all over the world, volleyball is played by several million people.

Faustball. Faustball (from German "Faust" - fist), in English-speaking countries the name "fistball" is accepted (English "fist" - fist). One of the oldest sports. The first rules were adopted in 1555 in Italy. At the end of the 19th century. the game ended up in Germany, which eventually became the center of world faustball. Currently, the game is extremely common in a number of European countries, as well as in the Americas, Japan and some African states. Faustball is played by two teams of five players each (plus three substitutes) on a site of 50ґ20 meters, both indoors and outdoors. The game consists of 2 halves of 15 minutes. If the rules of the tournament exclude a draw in the match, then in case of a tie, two additional 5-minutes are assigned, if necessary, two more, etc. - until one of the teams wins by at least two points. The ball is slightly heavier than a volleyball (320-380 grams). Instead of a net, a rope pulled at a height of two meters is used. The pitch is from the line 3 meters from the rope. You can take the ball from the air, and after bouncing off the ground (only one rebound is allowed by the rules), you must pass it to your partner and transfer it to the opponent's side with a fist or forearm. In this case, the volleyball "rule of three touches" applies, it is forbidden to hit the ball with two fists at the same time, and when transferring to the wrong side, the ball must not touch the rope or fly under it. The International Fistball Federation (IFA) hosts the World Cup and other competitions. Faustball is included in the program of the World Games held under the patronage of the IOC.

There are other varieties of traditional volleyball.

Since 1976, the program of the Paralympic Games includes volleyball for people with limited motor abilities (currently it is divided into two types: standing and sitting).

The only but very significant difference between curtball and regular volleyball is that instead of a net, the game uses a solid fabric. This makes the opponents almost invisible to each other and requires exceptional attention and reaction from the players. Therefore, curtnball is not only cultivated as a separate sport, but is also included in the training program for classic volleyball teams.

Also known are water volleyball, "volleyball with feet" and other exotic variants of one of the most popular games in the world.

8. Interesting Facts

The speed of the ball when serving for the best players can reach 130 km / h.

The attendance record for a volleyball match was set on July 19, 1983. During the friendly game of the national teams of Brazil and the USSR on the famous football stadium Maracana was watched by 96,500 spectators.

Brazilian volleyball players were the first to serve in the jump in the early 80s, which allowed them to win silver at the 1984 Olympics.

At the end of 2000, the International Volleyball Federation summed up the results of the "Best of the 20th Century" competition. In the Best Player nomination, special awards were given to Inna Ryskal and Konstantin Reva, and in the Best Coach nomination - Givi Akhvlediani and Vyacheslav Platonov.

Conclusion

Since its inception, volleyball has experienced rapid development. This is reflected both in the growing number of volleyball players and in the growing number of member countries of the International Volleyball Federation. In terms of its prevalence, this game occupies a leading position in the world sports arena.

The game of volleyball has become not only purely sports, but also volleyball is developing as a game for the sake of relaxation, the game of volleyball has become a means of organizing leisure, maintaining health and restoring working capacity. Volleyball helps to foster a sense of collectivism, perseverance, determination, purposefulness, attention and quick thinking; the ability to manage your emotions, improve basic physical qualities.

References

1. B.I. Zagorsky, I.P. Zaletaev, Yu.P. Bubble et al. "Physical culture", High School 1989.

2. Yu.D. Zheleznyak "Young volleyball player", A textbook for coaches. Moscow. Physical culture and sports, 1988.

3. N.K. Korobeynikov, A.A. Mikheev, N.G. Nikolaenko "Physical education", Textbook for secondary specialized educational institutions. High School 1984

4. A. V. Ivoilov. Volleyball for everyone. M., 1987.

5. M. Fiedler, D. Scheideright, H. Baake, K. Schreiter. Volleyball. M., 1972.

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Volleyball (English volleyball from volley - "to hit the ball from the air" (also translated as "flying", "soaring") and ball - "ball") is a sport, a team sports game, during which two teams compete on a special site , divided by the net, trying to direct the ball to the opponent's side in such a way that it lands on the opponent's court (hitting the floor), or a player of the defending team made a mistake. At the same time, to organize an attack, players of one team are allowed no more than three touches of the ball in a row (in addition to touching on the block).

According to one of the legends, volleyball was invented by American firemen. Once, having nothing to do, they wanted to play something. So they pulled a rope between two posts and began to throw a rubber tube over it.

In 1897, the sporting rules of this game were developed, which were repeatedly changed and supplemented. A simple game that does not require expensive equipment quickly spread in Japan, China, the Philippines, and later in Europe.

The basic rules of the game were formed in 1915-25. In the countries of America, Africa, Europe, volleyball was practiced with six players on the court, in Asia - with nine or twelve players on the 11x22 m court without changing positions by the players during the match.

In 1947, the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) was established and volleyball is officially recognized internationally.

On April 18-20, 1947, the first congress of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) was held in Paris with the participation of representatives of 14 countries: Belgium, Brazil, Hungary, Egypt, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, USA, Uruguay, France, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, who became the first official members of the FIVB. In 1949, the first world championship among men's teams took place in Prague. In 1951, at the congress in Marseille, the FIVB approved the official international rules, and an arbitration commission and a commission to develop and improve the rules of the game were formed within it. The first president of the FIVB was the French architect Paul Libo, who was subsequently re-elected to this post several times until 1984.

Volleyball was included in the program of the Olympic Games only in 1964 in Tokyo. The Soviet national team became the first men's volleyball champion in the history of the Olympic Games.

After the Tokyo Olympics, a significant change was made to the rules of the game - blockers were allowed to move their hands over the net to the opponent's side and touch the ball again after blocking.

In 1984, Paul Libo was succeeded as President of the FIVB by Dr. Ruben Acosta, a lawyer from Mexico. At the initiative of Ruben Acosta, numerous changes were made to the rules of the game, aimed at increasing the entertainment of the competition. On the eve of the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, the 21st FIVB Congress took place, at which changes were adopted in the regulations of the decisive fifth game: now it should be played according to the rally point system (rally point). Since 1998, this scoring system applies to the entire match, in the same year the role of the libero appeared.

Since 2006, the FIVB unites 220 national volleyball federations, volleyball is one of the most popular sports on earth.

Once every two years, European Championships, Spartakiads for schoolchildren (under 18 years old), and European championships among youth teams (under 19 years old) are held. The European Champions and Cup Winners' Cups are held annually.

Tell us about your country's volleyball history

Rules of the game

The essence of the game of volleyball lies in the fact that it is played between two teams of 6 people each, on a rectangular area 18 m long and 9 m wide, divided by a net into two halves. Players of one team, passing the ball with their hands to each other, try to send it through the net through the third touch (kick or pass) so that it falls on the opponent's side or so that the opponent makes a mistake in response. The team receives a point in the game only when serving, when one of the opponents makes a mistake. If the team makes a mistake when serving, it loses the right to serve.

For playing volleyball, a level area of a suitable size is used, on which racks and a net can be installed. The court must be level and strictly horizontal, with a free zone outside the court up to 3 m wide. The playing court is limited by two side lines and two end lines. The middle, two three-meter lines and the serving area are applied on it. The width of the lines is 5 cm.

On the side, at the level of the boundary lines of the site, two cloth strips and two flexible "antennas" with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 1.8 m are hung across the net.

The part of the court located between the attacking line, the center line and the side lines is called the attacking area. Dotted lines 15 cm long are drawn perpendicular to the front line at a distance of 3 m from the right side line and 20 cm from the front line. The same lines are drawn beyond the field as a continuation of the right side line. These lines define the feed location (fig).

The team must play in clean, tidy uniforms of the same color: jersey, underpants and soft sports shoes without heels (it is allowed to play with bare feet). Each player must have a number on the jersey (chest and back), and the team captain, on the jersey on the left side, must have a stripe different from the color of the jersey.

The composition of the team is from 6 to 12 players. The main players are 6 players who start the game in each game.

a) the ball touched the net, did not reach it, flew under the net, flew outside the boundary bands or antennas;

b) the ball touches a player or a foreign object;

c) the ball fell out of bounds;

d) the serve was performed out of place, out of turn, with two hands, from the hand, with a throw.

In the event that the team wins the right to serve, the players perform the transition, moving clockwise. If the point is won, the change is not made and the service is repeated by the player in zone 1 from the service point (fig).

If the ball touches the net within the bounding tapes, it is considered legal and remains in play. Player touching the net is an error. The player can step on the center line, but not overstep it.

Back-row players may kick or pass the ball to the opponent's side, and after the kick, they are allowed to land in the attacking zone without stepping on the line that limits this zone.

In each game, the team is given the right to replace the main players with substitutes. A team can make six substitutions in each set. The substitute must take the place of the player he is replacing. After the substitution, the main player returns only once to the game instead of the substitute player who replaced him, provided that at least one point has been played with the participation of the latter. The team is supposed to take two breaks in each game, each lasting up to 30 seconds.

The game is played from three or five parties, which is subject to the agreement between the players or the regulation of the competition. In each game, the first team to score 15 points is considered the winner. If the party score reaches 14 : 14, then the game continues until the difference is two points (16 : 14, 17: 15, 18: 16, etc.). Victory will go to the team that wins two games out of three or three out of five.

During the game (and after it), players must behave tactfully towards each other and towards opponents. They have no right to challenge the decisions of the judges or make comments to them.

Mini volleyball

For the initial training of young volleyball players, it is recommended to play mini-volleyball, which is similar to a regular volleyball game, but with some peculiarities.

Mini-volleyball can be carried out in a wide variety of conditions: in physical education lessons, during sectional and independent lessons.

The game is played on a playground 12 m long and 9 m wide. In kindergartens, a comfortable playground is used for the game, which children independently equip into a simple volleyball court.

The volleyball net is fixed between two posts or posts at a height of 2 m. For boys and girls, the net height is the same. Guys who have not yet mastered the serve can serve from a distance of 3 m from the net. Each player performs no more than three innings in a row, then the team makes a transition, and the other player of the same team continues to serve. If the service is not fulfilled, it is made by the opposing team. The players play the ball until the ball touches the opponents' court or they make a mistake after touching it three times. If the ball hits the opponent's court after serving and the players do not touch it, the team gets 3 points. If the opponent received the ball, but did not interrupt it to the side of the opponent - 2. If the ball is lost by the opponent when receiving the serve and playing it - 1 point. Strikes are performed abruptly with two or one hand. In the game, you can step on the middle line and cross it. The number of substitutions in the game is not limited.

The game is played in two games, 15 minutes each. When the game stops, time is added. After the end of the first game, a five-minute break is given. Winning games gives the team 2 points. A loss with a difference in the score of less than 10 points - 1, more than 10 - 0 points. In case of a draw, each team has 2 points. The score of the game can be different - 4: 2, 4: 4, 4: 1, etc.

INTRODUCTION

VOLLEYBALL(English volley ball) - a sports team game with a ball on the court (9 m by 18 m), divided in half by a net (at a height of 2.43 m for men's and 2.24 m for women's competitions).

In my essay, I will talk about the development of volleyball in the world and in our country, about the rules of this game, about its technique and tactics.

HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL DEVELOPMENT

Volleyball is one of the most popular sports in the world. The homeland of volleyball is the United States of America. He invented a new game in 1895. William Morgan is the physical education director of the Young Christian Union in Heliok, Massachusetts. He suggested throwing the ball over a tennis net stretched at a height of about 2m. The name of the new game was given by Dr. Alfred Halstead, a professor at Springfield College: “volleyball” is a flying ball. In 1896. volleyball was first demonstrated to the public. A year later, the first rules of the game were published in the USA, which had only 10 paragraphs.

Several years passed, and we got acquainted with volleyball in Canada, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico. In 1913. at the Pan-Asian Games, a volleyball tournament was held, in which teams from Japan, China, and the Philippines participated.

Volleyball was introduced to Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1914. they started playing it in England. Volleyball is becoming especially popular in France, where it appeared in 1917. In the 1920s, it developed in Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the USSR. The first official championships of countries across the European continent begin. Along with the spread of volleyball in the world, the rules of the game were improved, technique and tactics changed, and techniques were formed. Volleyball is becoming an increasingly collective game. Players begin to use power feeds, widely introduce deceptive blows into the game, pay great attention to the transfer technique, the role of defense increases, the game becomes more dynamic.

In the homeland of volleyball, in the United States, the first official competitions took place in 1922. in Brooklyn. At the same time, the Americans came up with a proposal to include volleyball in the program of the 1924 Olympic Games, but this proposal did not receive support.

In 1934. at the international meeting of representatives of sports federations in Stockholm it is proposed to create a technical commission on volleyball. The commission included 13 European countries, 5 countries of the American continent and 4 Asian countries, based on the American rules of the game.

Volleyball received Olympic recognition only in 1957, but it was first included in the games program only at the 18th Olympiad in 1964. in Tokyo. Then six women's and ten men's teams arrived in the Japanese capital. The first Olympic champions were the national teams of the USSR (men) and Japan (women). At the Tokyo Games, volleyball was athletic. The superiority of a powerful attack over defense was obvious, therefore international federation somewhat modernized the rules of volleyball. The players of the defending team were allowed, when blocking, to transfer their hands to the opponent's side and touch the ball a second time after blocking. The innovation has balanced the capabilities of attack and defense. Volleyball has become faster and more emotional.

At the Olympic tournaments, the USSR national teams achieved the greatest successes: women in 1968, 1972, 1980 and 1988, men in 1964, 1968 and 1980 and the Japanese national team: women in 1964 and 1976, and the men's team in 1972.

In our country, volleyball began to develop widely in 1920-1921 in the regions of the Middle Volga (Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod). Then he appeared on
Far East - in Khabarovsk and Vladivostok, and in 1925 in Ukraine.

Volleyball at that time was jokingly called “the game of actors” in the country. In Moscow, the first volleyball courts appeared in the courtyards of theaters - Meyerhold, Kamerny, Revolution, Vakhtangov.

On July 28, 1923, the first official match took place in Moscow, in which the teams of the Higher Art Theater Workshops and
State College of Cinematography. The pioneers of the new sport were the masters of arts, the future People's Artists of the USSR Nikolai Bogolyubov, Boris Shchukin, the future famous artists Georgy Nissky and Yakov Romas, the famous actors A. Ktorov and R. Zelenaya were good players. From this meeting, the chronology of our volleyball is being conducted.

An important event in the development of volleyball in our country was the championship held during the first All-Union Spartakiad in 1928 in Moscow. It was attended by men's and women's teams from Moscow, Ukraine, the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia, the Far East. In the same year, a permanent panel of judges was created in Moscow.

For the development of volleyball, the mass competitions held on the grounds of parks of culture and recreation were of great importance. These games were a good school not only for Muscovites, but also for foreign guests. It is not for nothing that at the beginning of the 30s the rules of volleyball competitions were published in Germany under the name “Volleyball - the Russian national game”.

In the spring of 1932, a volleyball section was created at the All-Union Council of Physical Culture of the USSR. And a year later, the championships of the Soviet Union are regularly held. Having become the leaders of national volleyball, Moscow athletes were honored to represent it on the international arena when Afghan athletes were guests and rivals in 1935. Despite the fact that the games were played according to Afghan rules, the Soviet volleyball players won a landslide victory.

During the Great Patriotic War, volleyball continued to be cultivated in military units. Already in 1943, volleyball courts in the rear began to come to life. Since 1945, the USSR championships have been resumed, technology and tactics have been improved from year to year. Our volleyball players have acted as game reformers more than once.

The year 1947 was marked by the entry of our volleyball players into the international arena. At the first World Youth Festival in Prague, a volleyball tournament was held, in which Soviet volleyball players won.

In 1948, the All-Union Volleyball Section became a member of the International Volleyball Federation (and not American, but our rules of the game formed the basis of international ones), and in 1949 our players took part in official international competitions for the first time. Volleyball players of the USSR national team made their debut at the European Championship in Prague and immediately won the title of the strongest. And our men's team became the first Olympic champions at the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo. She won both the Olympics in Mexico City in 1968 and in Moscow in 1980. And the women's team has won the title of Olympic champions four times (1968, 1972, 1980 and 1988).

Volleyball is only seemingly simple. In fact, this game is very subtle.
The mood of the team, the successful variation of the line-up, the skillfully chosen tactics - all of this, no less than the class of players, determines the overall success. And although, perhaps, in today's volleyball there are not as many outstanding players as 30 years ago, the current players have a higher class, more efficient play.

THE RULES OF THE GAME AND THE BASIC FORMS OF THE LESSON

On the side, at the level of the boundary lines of the site, two cloth strips and two flexible antennas with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 1.8 m are hung across the net.

The composition of the team is from 6 to 12 players. The main players are 6 players who start the game in each game ...

The game begins with a serve. The eligibility for service is determined by lot, in which the referee and the team captains participate. The winner of the toss has the right to choose the service or site. The service is considered correct if the ball flies over the net without touching it within the bounding bands or antennas. The service is executed after the referee's whistle and given for 5 seconds. A team will lose the right to serve if:
a) the ball touched the net, did not reach it, flew under the net, flew outside the boundary bands or antennas;
b) the ball touches a player or a foreign object;
c) the ball fell out of bounds;
d) the serve was performed out of place, out of turn, with two hands, from the hand, with a throw.

In the event that the team wins the right to serve, the players perform the transition, moving clockwise. If a point is won, no change is made and the service is repeated by the player in zone 1 from the service point.

The ball can be hit with hands no more than three times. Strikes, receptions and passes should be performed with a jerky touch. It is a fault to move the hands over the net and touch the ball on the opponent's side (except for blocking). The blocker is not allowed to touch the ball on the opponent's side before he has directed the ball to the opposing team's side. Blocking feed is not permitted.
If the ball touches the net within the bounding tapes, it is considered legal and remains in play. Player touching the net is an error. The player can step on the center line, but not overstep it.

Back-row players may kick or pass the ball to the opponent's side, and after the kick, they are allowed to land in the attacking zone without stepping on the line that limits this zone.

The game is played from three or five parties, which is subject to the agreement between the players or the regulation of the competition. In each game, the first team to score 15 points is considered the winner. If the score in the game reaches 14:14, then the game continues until the difference is two points (16:14, 17:15, 18:16, etc.). Victory will go to the team that wins two games out of three or three out of five.

During the game (and after it), players must behave tactfully towards each other and towards opponents. They have no right to challenge the decisions of the judges or make comments to them.
For the initial training of young volleyball players, it is recommended to play minivolleyball, which is similar to a regular volleyball game, but with some peculiarities.

Minivolleyball can be played in a wide variety of conditions: in physical education lessons, during sectional and independent lessons.
The game is played on a platform 12 m long and 9 m wide.In pioneer camps, a comfortable
a forest glade, which the children independently equip into a simple volleyball court.

Specify and supplement history evolution volleyball in its chronological order. Introduction to stories volleyball there are unforgettable memorable ..., and found fertile ground for their development... V volleyball schoolchildren, men and women began to play ...

Until the early 1930s, volleyball was not given adequate attention in terms of leisure and recreation on the world stage. The history of the emergence of the game "volleyball" on different continents is not the same, because in different parts of the world there were different rules of the game. However, national championships have been played in many countries (for example, in Eastern Europe, where the level was quite high). Thus, volleyball became an increasingly competitive sport characterized by high physical and technical performance. How did it all begin?

Volleyball Father William G. Morgan

The progenitor of the now popular game was born in 1870 in Lockport, New York, where he spent his childhood, attending public school and working on his father's boat on the banks of the Old Erie Canal. In 1891, fate brought young Morgan together with James A. Naismith, who was destined to become the pioneer of basketball. After graduating from Northfield Prep School, Morgan continued his education at the International Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Springfield (now Springfield College). In Springfield, the young talent, honing sports skills, took part in the famous football team college under the direction of Alonzo A. Stagg, one of the "Grand Masters of Football." In 1894, after graduating from high school, Morgan agreed to the proposal of the director of the association and accepted a similar position as coach in Holyoke It was at this time that the history of volleyball was laid. In short, it was thanks to James A. Naismith that Morgan got the chance to light his own star in the sports arena.

A game for middle-aged people?

In 1895, in front of the director, William. G. Morgan, a dilemma arose: sports skills and training in the required volume should be received by people of any age, but the newly-minted game of basketball has become popular only among children. For local middle-aged businessmen, it was too tense, since it took up a lot of energy and did not allow them to relax. Morgan was faced with a task - you need to come up with such physical exercises, which you can play with pleasure both after work and during your lunch break. As Morgan himself defined the problem statement: "The game should be with a strong athletic impulse, but without physical aggressive contact."

Then he decided to create a symbiosis of several games, take the best and do something new; this is the path of development that the history of the game has gone through. Volleyball includes elements of basketball (ball), tennis (net), handball (using a manual ball from a long distance), baseball (concept of serving). All skills were successfully embodied in the game "mintonet", as it was then called by the creator himself. Although the game's initial recognition was incomplete, it was still successful enough to win over audiences at the YMCA directors' sports conference held in Springfield.

The history of volleyball is that it was at this conference that Dr. Alfred Halstead, professor at Sprinfield College, proposed the word "volleyball" as the name of the game.

Amendments and improvements to the rules

The history of volleyball has gone through a considerable number of changes so that the game has come down to us in the way we know it now. As already mentioned, first of all, the original name of the game itself has changed. Agree, it would be difficult to imagine Karch Kiraly (American volleyball player, 3-time Olympic champion in classic and beach volleyball) playing a mortar on the beach! The number of players was also changed: initially, the team was allowed to have as many players as could fit on half of the 10x5 meter court, namely nine people. However, after the innovations, the number decreased to 6 people in the team.

Morgan's early gym games were played with a rubber-coated ball. But already in 1896 the sports company "Spalding" released the first official and by 1900 the standard shape and weight of the ball were almost identical to those dimensions that are used today.

The grid was significantly higher than in modern games to make it more challenging and the history of development has since changed significantly. Today the net height is 2.43 m and is just over 2.24 m for women. According to the original rules of volleyball, a team had to score 21 points to win, and in 1917 this number was reduced to 15. Also in 1922, the number of allowed touches of the ball was limited to three.

Volleyball outside the USA

Despite the fact that the history of volleyball was formed rather slowly during the first few years, it quickly spread outside America thanks to representatives of the sports association, who often attended missionary schools in Asia. The game quickly took an honorable place among the eastern games, and already in 1913 volleyball took root in Russia. During the international competition that began in the 1950s, Russia was the dominant team and performed well. Volleyball became popular throughout Europe during the First World War.

In 1913, the history of volleyball developed productively on the Asian continent; it was in this year that the game was included in the program of the first Far Eastern games organized in Manila. It should be noted that for a long time in Asia, they played according to outdated rules, which meant a team of 16 players (for more people and the popularization of the game).

The sport gained the greatest popularity after the establishment of the official governing bodies and representative offices. In 1928, the United States Volleyball Association was formed, in 1947. it was renamed the International Federation of Volleyball (FIVB). In 1949, the first men's championship took place in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Popularity indicators

Volleyball players have grown steadily, as reflected in a 1916 article written by Robert K. Kabbun with contributions from Spalding. According to Kabbun's estimates, the number of players has reached a total of 200,000 people, of which youth groups are distributed as follows: in the YMCA (boys, youth and seniors) - 70,000 people, in the YWCA (girls and women) - 50,000 people. , in schools (boys and girls) - 25,000 people. and in colleges (boys) 10,000 people.

In 1916, the YMCA succeeded in sparking a massive increase in the popularity of the game among the students of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) by publishing a set of rules and a series of articles on volleyball.

From the gym to the sand

In 1940, a different style of volleyball developed. Teams of two or four players competed in impromptu competitions on the sandy beaches of California, and soon the best teams began to ride up or down the coast to face off against other teams. The first beach volleyball tournament was held in California in 1948.

Beach volleyball's main success came after television broadcasting the championship at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. The history of the game was marked by the overwhelming success of the FIVB Swatch World Tour, and a whole new road to the international level was opened for beach volleyball.

Beach volleyball

The Beach Volleyball Association was founded in 1965 with the aim of delineating and standardizing rules and organizing official tournaments. By 1976, the best players were competing for the prize pool as recognized athletes, and in 1983 the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed by male players. The best volleyball players compete for the prize fund as recognized athletes. Women formed their own association in 1986.

When the Olympic stars of volleyball began to play on the beaches, the sport became even more popular. Beach volleyball has spread from California to Florida and then to other states, even those without beaches. In some areas, they played indoors in sand arenas. By 1993, beach volleyball had become so popular in the United States that the tournaments were broadcast on national television.

In 1987, the first international match between two men's teams (volleyball) took place. Women played the first tournament of this kind in 1993.

Gold awards

It quickly became apparent that not only middle-aged men, as originally conceived, but also young girls fell in love with volleyball. The first American National Women's Volleyball Championships were played in 1949, 54 years after the game was born. The first international competitions for women in Moscow were held in 1952.

Today men's and women's classic and beach volleyball competitions are part of the Olympic Games. For the first time he became an Olympic sport in 1964 in Japan. Host country Japan and the Soviet Union met in the final as leaders, and the Soviet athletes took gold in the women's category. In the men's volleyball category, the Soviet Union also had an advantage; after winning the first Olympic Games, our athletes won medals in each of the next five games. The US men's volleyball team was victorious in 1984 and 1988.

The history of the emergence and development of volleyball on the sand appeared much later than the classical game. Beach volleyball began in Atlanta only in 1996 (in a tournament between the USA, Brazil and Australia).

Over the past decade, the game has received a new round of development in the sports arena: international competitions in such tournaments as the FIVB World Championship, the World League, the World Grand Prix Championship, the Olympic Games were held with great success.

Volleyball Russia

Despite the fact that volleyball was invented in America, in Russia the game quickly took root and fell in love with. And so much so that in Germany she was nicknamed the Russian folk. And no wonder, because it is Russian champions gave the game unique properties: agility, athleticism, speed. Back in 1920, with the participation of American coaches, volleyball teams were organized in some Russian cities, and in 1922 Moscow became interested in this sport and included it in the training program. Young athletes began to compete in this sport everywhere. In all the republics of the Soviet Union, the game has earned recognition, especially after it was included in the Olympics. Soviet champions took gold 4 times in world cups, 6 times became winners of international championships and 12 times winners of Europe.

After the collapse of the USSR, the history of volleyball in Russia does not end. In 1991, the All-Russian Volleyball Federation was created, which preserved the knowledge of Soviet instructors. In 1993, the men's team took part in the World League, where it took an honorable second place. In the same year in Turku, athletes receive an intercontinental tournament. This is followed by a streak of failures until 1999, when the team has a coach G. Ya. Shipulin, with whom the team gets at the European tournament and wins the World Cup. The path to the laurels was very difficult, because the Russian team was opposed by the strongest teams from Holland, Italy, Czech Republic, Greece, Yugoslavia. Russian volleyball only flourished again in 2002 when the team earned a victory in the World League.

The next competitions - the World Championships and the Beijing Olympics - were marked by good results during the game and defeats in the last decisive tournaments, and yet bronze was consistently accompanied by the athletes. 2012-2013 are marked by new stellar victories for Russia - at the 2012 Olympic Games and the European Championship.

The history of volleyball in numbers. The most significant events and dates

1895: William G. Morgan (1870-1942) creates the game of volleyball.

1896: The volleyball ball is developed and launched.

1922: The first national championships were held in Brooklyn, New York, involving 27 teams from 11 countries.

1928: It becomes clear that tournaments and rules are necessary. The American Volleyball Association is formed.

1930s: The beginnings of beach volleyball on the beaches of Santa Monica, California.

1934: approval and recognition of national volleyball judges.

1947: The International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) is founded; history is officially documented and

1948: first beach tournament.

1949: International Championships in Prague.

1964: Volleyball is listed at the Tokyo Olympics.

1965: The Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) is formed.

1983: Foundation of the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP).

1996: Beach Volleyball debuted as Olympic look sports.

1997: Dane Blanton becomes the first African American professional beach soccer player to win the Miller Lite / AVP Tournament.

2007: Karch Kiraly leaves a stellar career, leaving an unforgettable mark behind him. Kiraly is already the history of volleyball. Briefly, we can say about his achievements that he won tournaments for 24 years, his team reached the semifinals in more than 75% of all championships in which he took part.

Volleyball is one of the most popular sports in the world. The homeland of volleyball is the United States of America. He invented a new game in 1895. William Morgan is the head of physical education at the Young Christian Union (UMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. In 1895, in the gym, he hung a tennis net at a height of 197 cm, and his students, whose number was not limited on the site, began to throw a basketball camera over it. Morgan called the new game Mintonet.
The name of the new game was given by Dr. Alfred Halstead, a professor at Springfield College: "volleyball" is a flying ball. In 1896. volleyball was first demonstrated to the public. A year later, the first rules of the game were published in the USA, which had only 10 paragraphs.
Several years passed, and we got acquainted with volleyball in Canada, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico. In 1913. at the Pan-Asian Games, a volleyball tournament was held, in which teams from Japan, China, and the Philippines participated.
Volleyball was introduced to Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1914. they started playing it in England. Volleyball is becoming especially popular in France, where it appeared in 1917. In the 1920s, it developed in Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the USSR. In our country, they began to play volleyball in Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, and later in Moscow.
The first official championships of countries throughout the European continent begin to be held. Along with the spread of volleyball in the world, the rules of the game were improved, technique and tactics changed, and techniques were formed. Volleyball is becoming an increasingly collective game. Players begin to use power feeds, widely introduce deceptive blows into the game, pay great attention to the transfer technique, the role of defense increases, the game becomes more dynamic.
In the homeland of volleyball, in the United States, the first official competitions took place in 1922. in Brooklyn. At the same time, the Americans came up with a proposal to include volleyball in the program of the 1924 Olympic Games, but this proposal did not receive support.
In 1934. at the international meeting of representatives of sports federations in Stockholm it is proposed to create a technical commission on volleyball. The commission included 13 European countries, 5 countries of the American continent and 4 Asian countries, based on the American rules of the game.
In April 1947. in Paris, at the first volleyball congress, it was decided to create the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB).
In Rome in 1948. The FIVB hosted the first European men's championship in the history of volleyball, in which 6 countries participated. The first place was won by the team of Czechoslovakia. A year later, the first world championship was held in Prague, in which 10 men's teams participated, and the first European championship for women. Representatives of the USSR became world champions and European champions.
Volleyball received Olympic recognition only in 1957, but it was first included in the Games program only at the XYIII Olympiad in 1964. in Tokyo. Then six women's and ten men's teams arrived in the Japanese capital. The first Olympic champions were the national teams of the USSR (men) and Japan (women). At the Tokyo Games, volleyball was athletic. The superiority of a powerful attack over defense was obvious, so the international federation somewhat modernized the rules of volleyball. The players of the defending team were allowed, when blocking, to transfer their hands to the opponent's side and touch the ball a second time after blocking. The innovation has balanced the capabilities of attack and defense. Volleyball has become faster and more emotional.
At the Olympic tournaments, the USSR national teams achieved the greatest successes: women in 1968, 1972, 1980 and 1988, men in 1964, 1968 and 1980 and the Japanese national team: women in 1964 and 1976, and the men's team in 1972.
The FIVB international calendar includes, in addition to the Olympic tournaments, the world championships for women's and men's teams, the European championships for adults and youth teams, competitions for the European Cup for clubs - national champions and the Cup Winners' Cup; a number of new major tournaments arose: the Japan Cup, the FIVB Cup, the Samaranch Cup, our memorials to Savvin and Chinilin ...
In volleyball, technical and tactical foundations are constantly being improved. One more touch was added to the three allowed touches - from the block, the transfer of hands by blockers through the net was allowed. At the same time, the reception of the ball from above, on the fingers, practically disappeared - such was the power of the strikers' blows. But the highlight of volleyball is the desperate throws of the defenders diving for the "dead" balls. Indeed, without the ability to save the situation at all costs, the spring of volleyball will weaken. In this game, the obsession of attack and the inspiration of defense are juxtaposed and contrasted. According to many coaches, the volleyball of tomorrow is a game of tall, real athletes, the future belongs to two-meter station wagons, players who are able to perform any functional duties on the court.

Olympic volleyball has a son who has gained popularity. In Atlanta in 1996, beach volleyball made its debut on the artificial beach "Atlanta Beach".
The playing area for both types of volleyball is the same, but on the beach the team consists of two players, and in the indoor team there are six. Indoors, players can specialize, but on the beach they must be able to do everything: serve, block, extinguish, etc.
Beach volleyball began in Southern California in 1940 and is booming today.
Beach competition in Russia is of great interest this season. The famous "classics" - the Belgorod couple Sergey Tetyukhin and Igor Kolodinsky took part in the Championship of the country.